Green shamrock какой праздник

И немного праздничной лексики

Изумрудные трилистники, ирландское пиво и костюмированные парады — казалось бы, это вечные неотъемлемые атрибуты Дня святого Патрика. Но так было не всегда. Методист онлайн-школы Skyeng Елизавета Кокорина рассказывает, как менялся с годами праздник и какая английская лексика может понадобиться в этот день.  

Покровитель Ирландии родился в Великобритании, а подростком был похищен пиратами и отправлен в Ирландию в качестве раба. Ему удалось сбежать, а потом, уже много лет спустя, он вернулся на остров, чтобы проповедовать христианство.

Самое большое оскорбление, которое вы можете нанести ирландцу, — это назвать его British. Или, что еще хуже, English. Мы не сомневаемся, вы знаете, что Ирландия — отдельная страна. Но оказавшись там и найдя больше сходств с Великобританией, чем с Европой (да еще и после нескольких бокалов Guinness), можно слегка забыться. А это очень небезопасно, особенно в пабе, полном подвыпивших ирландцев.

Ирландцы называют праздник сокращенно — Paddy’s Day. Не дай бог вы нечетко проговорите звук [d] и произнесете Patty’s Day: тем самым вы снова нарветесь на драку. Patrick — это англицизированный вариант ирландского имени Pádraig. Соответственно, сокращенная его версия звучит именно Paddy. Patty может быть ласковым прозвищем девушки по имени Patricia или котлетой в бургере. Получается, из-за неточного произношения вы можете превратить День святого Патрика в День святой котлетки.

Изначально цветом святого Патрика был светло-голубой, который так и назывался — Saint Patrick’s blue. Только в XVIII веке, когда праздник стали ассоциировать с движением за независимость Ирландии, традиционным цветом стал зеленый оттенка трилистника (shamrock green) или же изумрудно-зеленый (emerald green).

Сейчас в этот день принято надевать что-то зеленое. Эта традиция так незамысловато и называется — the wearing of the green. Еще ирландцы прикалывают на правую сторону груди пучок трилистника (a bunch of shamrocks). Если не хотите заморачиваться и специально искать где-то трилистник, можно обойтись временным тату или просто нарисовать растение на щеке.

Во время празднований зеленым становятся и города. Например, в Дублине принято to green houses — окрашивать дома в зеленый. Конечно, их никто не красит каждый год, а просто подсвечивают зелеными фонарями. А в Чикаго в зеленый окрашивают целую реку.

Если вы где-то увидите традиционный символ праздника лепрекона (leprechaun) в женском обличии, то знайте, что это придумали в наше время. В ирландской мифологии девочек-лепреконов нет. Поэтому туристы, наряженные в костюмы секси-лепреконш, немного раздражают ирландцев.

7 интересных фактов о Дне святого Патрика, которые могут вас удивить

Как для важного ирландского праздника, у Дня святого Патрика подозрительно мало традиций. Еще каких-нибудь 30 лет назад среднестатистический ирландец сходил бы утром в церковь, чтобы освятить свой трилистник (the blessing of Shamrock), а потом пообедал бы в кругу семьи и выпил бы пару бокалов пива за независимость любимой страны.

Ирландцы, которые эмигрировали в Америку, всегда отмечали этот день с куда большим размахом. Именно в Нью-Йорке впервые провели парад — St. Patrick’s Day Parade. Несмотря на технический прогресс, этот парад до сих пор проходит так же, как и в XVIII веке: здесь не разрешены движущиеся платформы (floats), машины и любые другие современные изобретения.

Проводить подобные парады в Ирландии начали только с 1995 года, чтобы привлечь в страну побольше туристов. Помимо парада, сейчас там проходят ярмарки (funfairs), концерты с традиционной ирландской музыкой и танцами, а в Дублине даже проводится праздничный забег. Не удивляйтесь, если услышите на улицах что-то вроде «Eirinn go Brach»: это значит «Ireland Forever» («Ирландия навсегда!»).

День святого Патрика — один из самых прибыльных дней в году для пивоварен (breweries). В этот праздник продажи пива Guinness удваиваются по всему миру. Заказывая пиво в ирландском пабе, помните, что здесь никто не оперирует понятиями вроде 0.3 или 0.5. Small и large — неплохие варианты, но чаще всего можно услышать half-pint (полпинты) и pint (пинта).

В Америке в День святого Патрика многие пабы варят специальное зеленое пиво. В Ирландии эта традиция как-то не прижилась. В некоторых пабах в больших городах все-таки можно найти этот напиток, но он появляется в меню, в основном, ради туристов.

Есть вы немного осмелели после нескольких бокалов пива, поразите своих новых ирландских друзей знанием the Gaelic language (гэльского языка). Вместо cheers попробуйте сказать sláinte (произносится примерно как «слон-че»), что значит «здоровье». А если вы вообще потеряли страх, специально для вас: sláinte is táinte («слон-че исс тоин-че»), то есть «здоровье и благосостояние».

Поиск в гугле наверняка вам скажет, что традиционное блюдо Дня святого Патрика — corned beef. Это говядина с кукурузой (corn)? Как бы не так. Это солонина, то есть говядина, выдержанная в соли. Раньше крупные кристаллы соли назывались corns, в честь них блюдо и получило свое название. В качестве гарнира принято подавать cabbage (капусту). Это действительно традиционное блюдо ирландцев, но только тех из них, кто эмигрировал в Америку. 

7 интересных фактов о Дне святого Патрика, которые могут вас удивить

В самой же Ирландии нет одного особого блюда, которое принято готовить в этот день. Это праздник ирландской культуры, поэтому можно выбрать любое традиционное ирландское блюдо на ваш вкус.

Так как вам предстоит насыщенный день и подкрепиться надо на славу, то на завтрак стоит выбрать the full Irish breakfast. Он состоит из бекона, сосисок, бобов, яиц, грибов, помидоров, содового хлеба и кровянки. Последняя, к слову, очень романтично называется black pudding — вполне можно подумать, что это какой-то десерт на основе шоколада. Но будьте бдительны. Иногда, особенно если с ужина остался недоеденный картофель, к завтраку добавляют boxty — картофельные оладьи.

На обед многие ирландские семьи, которые проводят праздник дома, готовят a roast dinner. Это запеченное мясо с картофелем, подливой и разными овощами. Ну а если голод застал вас врасплох где-то на улицах Дублина, бегите в первый попавшийся паб за chips. Не просто картофель фри (French fries), а именно chips. В Ирландии признают жареный картофель только в таком виде (дольками, а не соломкой).

Помните, что в Ирландии День святого Патрика — государственный праздник (public holiday), поэтому не будут работать банки, а магазины могут открываться позже и закрываться раньше положенного. Будьте в хорошем настроении и не забывайте поздравлять прохожих («Happy St. Patrick’s Day!»). А чтобы вы могли свободно поболтать с любым иностранцем, можете подтянуть английский в онлайн-школе Skyeng. Первый урок — бесплатный.

17 марта во всем мире празднуют ирландский праздник День Святого Патрика (St. Patrick’s Day).

Мне  очень нравится этот день и его традиции. Они веселые, даже немного озорные, а это именно то, что нужно для настоящего праздника. В нем каждый найдет что-то себе по душе: восхитительные ирландские танцы, завораживающие ирландские песни, смешные лепреконcы, прячущие свое золото на конце радуги.

Но про День Святого Патрика можно говорить бесконечно, поэтому сегодня мы опять окунемся в волшебный мир лепреконов: поиграем в лото, смастерим шляпу лепрекона и станцуем его танец, а потом посчитаем все спрятанное золото и устроим чаепитие. 

Чтобы познакомить ребенка с Днем Святого Патрика, давайте прочитаем небольшую книжку It’s St. Patrick’s Day by Rebecca Gomez (pdf версию можно найти при нажатии на название).

А теперь давайте поиграем  в лото, по-английски называемое Bingo.

Для изучающих английский язык мам и детей лото — это просто находка: и слова новые узнаем, и проведем вместе время. Можно присоединить к игре и других членов семьи, ведь ни что так не объединяет семью, как настольные игры.

Думаю, что вряд ли кому-то понадобятся все игровые поля, поэтому можно напечатать ровно столько, сколько ожидается участников (минимум два).

После знакомства с основными символами Дня Святого Патрика можно предложить ребенку стать лепреконсом на сегодняшний день. Для этого нам понадобиться смастерить настоящую шляпу лепреконса.

Теперь, когда шляпа готова, никто нам не мешает станцевать замечательный танец лепреконсов. Он настолько хорош и прост, что подойдет и самым маленьким деткам.

Dance, dance, leprechaun dance

Dance, dance, leprechaun dance

Dance, dance, leprechaun dance

Do a dance for me

Get up and dance, you leprechauns

Bow Bow Leprechaun bow

Bow Bow Leprechaun bow

Bow Bow Leprechaun bow

Do a bow for me

Bow to your left

And bow to your right

Bow to your left

Bow to your right

Clap clap leprechaun clap

Clap clap leprechaun clap

Clap clap leprechaun clap

Do a clap for me

Clap for your fellow leprechauns

Everybody is doing such a good job

Jump Jump leprechaun jump

Jump Jump leprechaun jump

Jump Jump leprechaun jump

Do a jump for me

Jump to your left

And jump to your right

Jump to your left

And jump to your right

Dance, dance, leprechaun dance

Dance, dance, leprechaun dance

Dance, dance, leprechaun dance

Do a dance for me

Do a dance for me

Happy St. Patrick’s Day!

Танцуй, танцуй, лепрекон, танцуй

Танцуй, танцуй, лепрекон, танцуй

Танцуй, танцуй, лепрекон, танцуй

Потанцуй для меня

Вставайте и танцуйте, лепреконы

Поклонись, поклонись, лепрекон, поклонись

Поклонись, поклонись, лепрекон, поклонись

Поклонись, поклонись, лепрекон, поклонись

Поклонись мне

Поклонись налево,

Поклонись направо

Поклонись налево,

Поклонись направо

Хлопай, хлопай, лепрекон, хлопай,

Хлопай, хлопай, лепрекон, хлопай,

Хлопай, хлопай, лепрекон, хлопай,

Похлопай для меня

Похлопайте другим лепреконам,

Все замечательно танцуют

Попрыгай, попрыгай, лепрекон, попрыгай,

Попрыгай, попрыгай, лепрекон, попрыгай,

Попрыгай, попрыгай, лепрекон, попрыгай,

Попрыгай для меня

Прыгни налево,

Прыгни направо,

Прыгни налево,

Прыгни направо,

Танцуй, танцуй, лепрекон, танцуй

Танцуй, танцуй, лепрекон, танцуй

Танцуй, танцуй, лепрекон, танцуй

Потанцуй для меня,

Потанцуй для меня

С Днем Святого Патрика!

Ребятам, которые учатся считать, будет полезно и интересно посчитать золотые монеты лепреконсов. Не снимая шляпы, маленькому лепреконсу нужно сложить в горшок все свое «золото» и спрятать его от чужих глаз. Можно взять обычный российские рубли или копейки в монетках и повторять счет, как в этой песенке. Но учтите, чтобы дойти до конца песни, вам нужно не менее ста монет. Можно заменить монеты любым счетным материалом, который у вас имеется. Например, бусины или пуговицы. Также горшок для золота можно придумать любой: от простой коробки до специально смастеренного. Хорошо подойдут советские горшочки для приготовления рагу в духовке.

Можно приготовить несколько горшочков и положить в каждый по 20 монет, 30 монет, 100 монет и считать их согласно песенке.

Послушайте песню и поиграйте. Будет весело!

Counting with a leprechaun

I’m a lucky, lucky leprechaun

1001 years old!

And at the end of the rainbow

I count my lucky gold

At the secret place of the rainbow

I dance. It’s so much fun!

Help me count my pot of gold

Up to 20 (twenty) by 1s (ones)

1 (one),2 (two),3 (three),4 (four),5 (five),6 (six),7 (seven),8 (eight),9 (nine),10 (ten),11 (eleven),12 (twelve),13 (thirteen),14 (fourteen),15 (fifteen),16 (sixteen),17 (seventeen),18 (eighteen),19 (nineteen),20 (twenty)

I’m a lucky, lucky leprechaun

1001 years old!

And at the end of the rainbow

I count my lucky gold

At the secret place of the rainbow

I dance a dance with you!

Help me count my pot of gold

Up to 30 (thirty) by 2s (twos)

2 (two),4 (four), 6 (six), 8 (eight),10 (ten), 12 (twelve),14 (fourteen), 16 (sixteen),18 (eighteen),20 (twenty), 22(twenty-two), 24 (twenty-four), 26 (twenty-six), 28 (twenty-eight), 30 (thirty)

I’m a lucky, lucky leprechaun

1001 years old!

And at the end of the rainbow

I count my lucky gold

At the secret place of the rainbow

I dance a jig and a jive!

Help me count my pot of gold

Up to 100 (one hundred) by 5s (fives)

5 (five), 10 (ten), 15 (fifteen), 20 (twenty), 25 (twenty-five), 30 (thirty), 35 (thirty-five), 40 (forty), 45 (forty-five), 50 (fifty), 55 (fifty-five), 60 (sixty), 65 (sixty-five), 70 (seventy), 75 (seventy-five), 80 (eighty), 85 (eighty-five), 90 (ninety), 95 (ninety-five), 100 (one hundred)

I’m a lucky, lucky leprechaun

1001 years old!

And at the end of the rainbow

I count my lucky gold

At the secret place of the rainbow

I dance again and again!

Help me count my pot of gold

Up to 100 (one hundred) by 10 (tens)

10 (ten), 20 (twenty), 30 (thirty),40 (forty), 50 (fifty), 60 (sixty), 70 (seventy), 80 (eighty), 90 (ninety), 100 (one hundred)

Считаем с лепреконом

Я удачливый, удачливый лепрекон

И мне 1001 год!

На конце радуги

Я считаю свое золото

В секретном месте радуги

Я танцую. Это так весело!

Помоги мне посчитать, сколько золота у меня в горшке

До двадцати по одному

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,

11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20

Я удачливый, удачливый лепрекон

И мне 1001 год!

На конце радуги

Я считаю свое золото

В секретном месте радуги

Я танцую, танцую с тобой!

Помоги мне посчитать, сколько золота у меня в горшке

До 30 по парам

2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,

20,22,24,26,28,30

Я удачливый, удачливый лепрекон

И мне 1001 год!

На конце радуги

Я считаю свое золото

В секретном месте радуги

Я танцую джигу и джайв!

Помоги мне посчитать, сколько золота у меня в горшке

До 100 по пятеркам

5,10,15,20,25,30,35,

40,45,50,55,60,65,

70,75,80,85,90,95,100

Я удачливый, удачливый лепрекон

И мне 1001 год!

На конце радуги

Я считаю свое золото

В секретном месте радуги

Я танцую снова и снова!

Помоги мне посчитать, сколько золота у меня в горшке

До 100 по десяткам

10,20,30,40,50,60,

70,80,90,100

В конце занятия мы устроили чаепитие с угощениями. Мне посчастливилось купить печенки в виде клевера, если есть побольше свободного можно и самим испечь, но думаю дети любому угощению будут рады, даже если оно не имеет отношение к празднику. Это очень хорошая нота чтобы завершить празднование — в памяти останутся приятные воспоминания.

Надеюсь, вам понравилась статья. Не забывайте отметить ее вашими симпатиями («лайками»:) и поделиться с друзьями — это поможет поддержать наш проект и мы сможем и дальше делиться полезными и интересными материалами.

И как всегда, вы можете оставлять свои вопросы и пожелания, а также делиться впечатлением и идеями в комментариях после статьи!   

Saint Patrick’s Day
A stained glass window depicts Saint Patrick dressed in a green robe with a halo about his head, holding a sham rock in his right hand and a staff in his left.

Saint Patrick depicted in a stained-glass window at Saint Benin’s Church, Ireland

Official name Saint Patrick’s Day
Also called
  • Feast of Saint Patrick
  • Lá Fhéile Pádraig
  • Patrick’s Day
  • (St) Paddy’s Day
  • (St) Patty’s Day (chiefly North America)[1][2][3][4]
Observed by
  • Irish people and people of Irish descent
  • Catholic Church (see calendar)
  • Anglican Communion (see calendars)
  • Eastern Orthodox Church (see calendar)
  • Lutheran Church (see calendar)
Type Ethnic, national, Christian
Significance Feast day of Saint Patrick,
commemoration of the arrival of Christianity in Ireland[5][6]
Celebrations
  • Attending parades and a céilí
  • Wearing green and shamrocks
  • Drinking Irish beer and Irish whiskey
Observances Christian processions; attending Mass or service
Date 17 March
Next time 17 March 2023
Frequency Annual

Saint Patrick’s Day, or the Feast of Saint Patrick (Irish: Lá Fhéile Pádraig, lit. ‘the Day of the Festival of Patrick’), is a cultural and religious celebration held on 17 March, the traditional death date of Saint Patrick (c. 385 – c. 461), the foremost patron saint of Ireland.

Saint Patrick’s Day was made an official Christian feast day in the early 17th century and is observed by the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion (especially the Church of Ireland),[7] the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Lutheran Church. The day commemorates Saint Patrick and the arrival of Christianity in Ireland, and celebrates the heritage and culture of the Irish in general.[5][8] Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals, céilithe, and the wearing of green attire or shamrocks.[9] Christians who belong to liturgical denominations also attend church services[8][10] and historically the Lenten restrictions on eating and drinking alcohol were lifted for the day, which has encouraged and propagated the holiday’s tradition of alcohol consumption.[8][9][11][12]

Saint Patrick’s Day is a public holiday in the Republic of Ireland,[13] Northern Ireland,[14] the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador (for provincial government employees), and the British Overseas Territory of Montserrat. It is also widely celebrated in the United Kingdom,[15] Canada, United States, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand, especially amongst Irish diaspora. Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated in more countries than any other national festival.[16] Modern celebrations have been greatly influenced by those of the Irish diaspora, particularly those that developed in North America. However, there has been criticism of Saint Patrick’s Day celebrations for having become too commercialised and for fostering negative stereotypes of the Irish people.[17]

Saint Patrick[edit]

Saint Patrick was a 5th-century Romano-British Christian missionary and Bishop in Ireland. Much of what is known about Saint Patrick comes from the Declaration, which was allegedly written by Patrick himself. It is believed that he was born in Roman Britain in the fourth century, into a wealthy Romano-British family. His father was a deacon and his grandfather was a priest in the Christian church. According to the Declaration, at the age of sixteen, he was kidnapped by Irish raiders and taken as a slave to Gaelic Ireland.[18] It says that he spent six years there working as a shepherd and that during this time he found God. The Declaration says that God told Patrick to flee to the coast, where a ship would be waiting to take him home. After making his way home, Patrick went on to become a priest.[19]

According to tradition, Patrick returned to Ireland to convert the pagan Irish to Christianity. The Declaration says that he spent many years evangelising in the northern half of Ireland and converted thousands.

Patrick’s efforts were eventually turned into an allegory in which he drove «snakes» out of Ireland, despite the fact that snakes were not known to inhabit the region.[20]

Tradition holds that he died on 17 March and was buried at Downpatrick. Over the following centuries, many legends grew up around Patrick and he became Ireland’s foremost saint.

Celebration and traditions[edit]

According to legend, Saint Patrick used the three-leaved shamrock to explain the Holy Trinity to Irish pagans.

Today’s Saint Patrick’s Day celebrations have been greatly influenced by those that developed among the Irish diaspora, especially in North America. Until the late 20th century, Saint Patrick’s Day was often a bigger celebration among the diaspora than it was in Ireland.[16]

Celebrations generally involve public parades and festivals, Irish traditional music sessions (céilithe), and the wearing of green attire or shamrocks.[9] There are also formal gatherings such as banquets and dances, although these were more common in the past. Saint Patrick’s Day parades began in North America in the 18th century but did not spread to Ireland until the 20th century.[21] The participants generally include marching bands, the military, fire brigades, cultural organisations, charitable organisations, voluntary associations, youth groups, fraternities, and so on. However, over time, many of the parades have become more akin to a carnival. More effort is made to use the Irish language, especially in Ireland, where 1 March to St Patrick’s Day on 17 March is Seachtain na Gaeilge («Irish language week»).[22]

Since 2010, famous landmarks have been lit up in green on Saint Patrick’s Day as part of Tourism Ireland’s «Global Greening Initiative» or «Going Green for St Patrick’s Day».[23][24] The Sydney Opera House and the Sky Tower in Auckland were the first landmarks to participate and since then over 300 landmarks in fifty countries across the globe have gone green for Saint Patricks day.[25][26]

Christians may also attend church services,[8][10] and the Lenten restrictions on eating and drinking alcohol are lifted for the day. Perhaps because of this, drinking alcohol – particularly Irish whiskey, beer, or cider – has become an integral part of the celebrations.[8][9][11][12] The Saint Patrick’s Day custom of «drowning the shamrock» or «wetting the shamrock» was historically popular. At the end of the celebrations, especially in Ireland, a shamrock is put into the bottom of a cup, which is then filled with whiskey, beer, or cider. It is then drunk as a toast to Saint Patrick, Ireland, or those present. The shamrock would either be swallowed with the drink or taken out and tossed over the shoulder for good luck. [27][28][29]

Irish Government Ministers travel abroad on official visits to various countries around the globe to celebrate Saint Patrick’s Day and promote Ireland.[30][31] The most prominent of these is the visit of the Irish Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister) with the U.S. President which happens on or around Saint Patrick’s Day.[32][33] Traditionally the Taoiseach presents the U.S. President a Waterford Crystal bowl filled with shamrocks.[34] This tradition began when in 1952, Irish Ambassador to the U.S. John Hearne sent a box of shamrocks to President Harry S. Truman. From then on it became an annual tradition of the Irish ambassador to the U.S. to present the Saint Patrick’s Day shamrock to an official in the U.S. President’s administration, although on some occasions the shamrock presentation was made by the Irish Taoiseach or Irish President to the U.S. President personally in Washington, such as when President Dwight D. Eisenhower met Taoiseach John A. Costello in 1956 and President Seán T. O’Kelly in 1959 or when President Ronald Reagan met Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald in 1986 and Taoiseach Charles Haughey in 1987.[32][34] However it was only after the meeting between Taoiseach Albert Reynolds and President Bill Clinton in 1994 that the presenting of the shamrock ceremony became an annual event for the leaders of both countries for Saint Patrick’s Day.[32][35] The presenting of the Shamrock ceremony was cancelled in 2020 due to the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic.[36][37]

Wearing green[edit]

A St Patrick’s Day greeting card from 1907

On Saint Patrick’s Day, it is customary to wear shamrocks, green clothing or green accessories. Saint Patrick is said to have used the shamrock, a three-leaved plant, to explain the Holy Trinity to the pagan Irish.[38][39] This story first appears in writing in 1726, though it may be older. In pagan Ireland, three was a significant number and the Irish had many triple deities, which may have aided St Patrick in his evangelisation efforts.[40][41] Roger Homan writes, «We can perhaps see St Patrick drawing upon the visual concept of the triskele when he uses the shamrock to explain the Trinity».[42] Patricia Monaghan says there is no evidence the shamrock was sacred to the pagan Irish.[40] Jack Santino speculates that it may have represented the regenerative powers of nature, and was recast in a Christian context‍—‌icons of St Patrick often depict the saint «with a cross in one hand and a sprig of shamrocks in the other».[43]

The first association of the colour green with Ireland is from a legend in the 11th century Lebor Gabála Érenn (The Book of the Taking of Ireland). It tells of Goídel Glas (Goídel the green), the eponymous ancestor of the Gaels and creator of the Goidelic languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx).[44][45] Goídel is bitten by a venomous snake but saved from death by Moses placing his staff on the snakebite, leaving him with a green mark. His descendants settle in Ireland, a land free of snakes.[46] One of these, Íth, climbs the Tower of Hercules and is so captivated by the sight of a beautiful green island in the distance that he must set sail immediately.[44][45][46]

The colour green was further associated with Ireland from the 1640s, when the green harp flag was used by the Irish Catholic Confederation. Later, James Connolly described this flag as representing «the sacred emblem of Ireland’s unconquered soul».[47] Green ribbons and shamrocks have been worn on St Patrick’s Day since at least the 1680s.[48] Since then, the colour green and its association with St Patrick’s Day have grown.[49] The Friendly Brothers of St Patrick, an Irish fraternity founded in about 1750,[50] adopted green as its colour.[51] The Order of St Patrick, an Anglo-Irish chivalric order founded in 1783, instead adopted blue as its colour, which led to blue being associated with St Patrick. In the 1790s, the colour green was adopted by the United Irishmen. This was a republican organisation—led mostly by Protestants but with many Catholic members—who launched a rebellion in 1798 against British rule. Ireland was first called «the Emerald Isle» in «When Erin First Rose» (1795), a poem by a co-founder of the United Irishmen, William Drennan, which stresses the historical importance of green to the Irish.[52][53][54][55] The phrase «wearing of the green» comes from a song of the same name about United Irishmen being persecuted for wearing green. The flags of the 1916 Easter Rising featured green, such as the Starry Plough banner and the Proclamation Flag of the Irish Republic. When the Irish Free State was founded in 1922, the government ordered all post boxes be painted green, under the slogan «green paint for a green people»;[56][57] in 1924, the government introduced a green Irish passport.[58][59][60]

The wearing of the ‘St Patrick’s Day Cross’ was also a popular custom in Ireland until the early 20th century. These were a Celtic Christian cross made of paper that was «covered with silk or ribbon of different colours, and a bunch or rosette of green silk in the centre».[61]

Ireland[edit]

A St Patrick’s Day parade in Dublin

Saint Patrick’s feast day, as a kind of national day, was already being celebrated by the Irish in Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries. In later times, he became more and more widely seen as the patron of Ireland.[62] Saint Patrick’s feast day was finally placed on the universal liturgical calendar in the Catholic Church due to the influence of Waterford-born Franciscan scholar Luke Wadding[63] in the early 1600s. Saint Patrick’s Day thus became a holy day of obligation for Roman Catholics in Ireland. It is also a feast day in the Church of Ireland, which is part of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church calendar avoids the observance of saints’ feasts during certain solemnities, moving the saint’s day to a time outside those periods. St Patrick’s Day is occasionally affected by this requirement, when 17 March falls during Holy Week. This happened in 1940, when Saint Patrick’s Day was observed on 3 April to avoid it coinciding with Palm Sunday, and again in 2008, where it was officially observed on 15 March.[64] St Patrick’s Day will not fall within Holy Week again until 2160.[65][66] However, the popular festivities may still be held on 17 March or on a weekend near to the feast day.[67]

In 1903, St Patrick’s Day became an official public holiday in Ireland. This was thanks to the Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act 1903, an act of the United Kingdom Parliament introduced by Irish Member of Parliament James O’Mara.[68]

The first St Patrick’s Day parade in Ireland was held in Waterford in 1903. The week of St Patrick’s Day 1903 had been declared Irish Language Week by the Gaelic League and in Waterford they opted to have a procession on Sunday 15 March. The procession comprised the Mayor and members of Waterford Corporation, the Trades Hall, the various trade unions and bands who included the ‘Barrack St Band’ and the ‘Thomas Francis Meagher Band’.[69] The parade began at the premises of the Gaelic League in George’s St and finished in the Peoples Park, where the public were addressed by the Mayor and other dignitaries.[70][71] On Tuesday 17 March, most Waterford businesses—including public houses—were closed and marching bands paraded as they had two days previously.[72] The Waterford Trades Hall had been emphatic that the National Holiday be observed.[70]

On St Patrick’s Day 1916, the Irish Volunteers—an Irish nationalist paramilitary organisation—held parades throughout Ireland. The authorities recorded 38 St Patrick’s Day parades, involving 6,000 marchers, almost half of whom were said to be armed.[73] The following month, the Irish Volunteers launched the Easter Rising against British rule. This marked the beginning of the Irish revolutionary period and led to the Irish War of Independence and Civil War. During this time, St Patrick’s Day celebrations in Ireland were muted, although the day was sometimes chosen to hold large political rallies.[74] The celebrations remained low-key after the creation of the Irish Free State; the only state-organized observance was a military procession and trooping of the colours, and an Irish-language mass attended by government ministers.[75] In 1927, the Irish Free State government banned the selling of alcohol on St Patrick’s Day, although it remained legal in Northern Ireland. The ban was not repealed until 1961.[76]

The first official, state-sponsored St Patrick’s Day parade in Dublin took place in 1931.[77] On three occasions, parades across the Republic of Ireland have been cancelled from taking place on St Patrick’s Day, with all years involving health and safety reasons.[78][79] In 2001, as a precaution to the foot-and-mouth outbreak, St Patrick’s Day celebrations were postponed to May[80][81][82] and in 2020 and 2021, as a consequence to the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the St Patrick’s Day Parade was cancelled outright.[83][84][85][86] Organisers of the St Patrick’s Day Festival 2021 will instead host virtual events around Ireland on their SPF TV online channel.[87][88][89]

In Northern Ireland, the celebration of St Patrick’s Day was affected by sectarian divisions.[90] A majority of the population were Protestant Ulster unionists who saw themselves as British, while a substantial minority were Catholic Irish nationalists who saw themselves as Irish. Although it was a public holiday, Northern Ireland’s unionist government did not officially observe St Patrick’s Day.[90] During the conflict known as the Troubles (late 1960s–late 1990s), public St Patrick’s Day celebrations were rare and tended to be associated with the Catholic community.[90] In 1976, loyalists detonated a car bomb outside a pub crowded with Catholics celebrating St Patrick’s Day in Dungannon; four civilians were killed and many injured. However, some Protestant unionists attempted to ‘re-claim’ the festival, and in 1985 the Orange Order held its own St Patrick’s Day parade.[90] Since the end of the conflict in 1998 there have been cross-community St Patrick’s Day parades in towns throughout Northern Ireland, which have attracted thousands of spectators.[90]

In the mid-1990s the government of the Republic of Ireland began a campaign to use St Patrick’s Day to showcase Ireland and its culture.[91] The government set up a group called St Patrick’s Festival, with the aims:

  • To offer a national festival that ranks amongst all of the greatest celebrations in the world
  • To create energy and excitement throughout Ireland via innovation, creativity, grassroots involvement, and marketing activity
  • To provide the opportunity and motivation for people of Irish descent (and those who sometimes wish they were Irish) to attend and join in the imaginative and expressive celebrations
  • To project, internationally, an accurate image of Ireland as a creative, professional and sophisticated country with wide appeal.[92]

The first St Patrick’s Festival was held on 17 March 1996. In 1997, it became a three-day event, and by 2000 it was a four-day event. By 2006, the festival was five days long; more than 675,000 people attended the 2009 parade. Overall 2009’s five-day festival saw almost 1 million visitors, who took part in festivities that included concerts, outdoor theatre performances, and fireworks.[93] The Skyfest which ran from 2006 to 2012 formed the centrepiece of the St Patrick’s festival.[94][95]

The topic of the 2004 St Patrick’s Symposium was «Talking Irish», during which the nature of Irish identity, economic success, and the future were discussed. Since 1996, there has been a greater emphasis on celebrating and projecting a fluid and inclusive notion of «Irishness» rather than an identity based around traditional religious or ethnic allegiance. The week around St Patrick’s Day usually involves Irish language speakers using more Irish during Seachtain na Gaeilge («Irish Language Week»).[96]

Christian leaders in Ireland have expressed concern about the secularisation of St Patrick’s Day. In The Word magazine’s March 2007 issue, Fr Vincent Twomey wrote, «It is time to reclaim St Patrick’s Day as a church festival». He questioned the need for «mindless alcohol-fuelled revelry» and concluded that «it is time to bring the piety and the fun together».[97]

The biggest celebrations outside the cities are in Downpatrick, County Down, where Saint Patrick is said to be buried. The shortest St. Patrick’s Day parade in the world formerly took place in Dripsey, County Cork. The parade lasted just 23.4 metres and traveled between the village’s two pubs. The annual event began in 1999, but ceased after five years when one of the two pubs closed.[98]

Celebrations elsewhere[edit]

Europe[edit]

England[edit]

In England, the British Royals traditionally present bowls of shamrock to members of the Irish Guards, a regiment in the British Army, following Queen Alexandra introducing the tradition in 1901.[99][100] Since 2012 the Duchess of Cambridge has presented the bowls of shamrock to the Irish Guards. While female royals are often tasked with presenting the bowls of shamrock, male royals have also undertaken the role, such as King George VI in 1950 to mark the 50th anniversary of the formation of the Irish Guards, and in 2016 the Duke of Cambridge in place of his wife.[101][102] Fresh Shamrocks are presented to the Irish Guards, regardless of where they are stationed, and are flown in from Ireland.[103]

While some Saint Patrick’s Day celebrations could be conducted openly in Britain pre 1960s, this would change following the commencement by the IRA’s bombing campaign on mainland Britain and as a consequence this resulted in a suspicion of all things Irish and those who supported them which led to people of Irish descent wearing a sprig of shamrock on Saint Patrick’s day in private or attending specific events.[104] Today after many years following the Good Friday Agreement, people of Irish descent openly wear a sprig of shamrock to celebrate their Irishness.[104]

Christian denominations in Great Britain observing his feast day include The Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church.[105]

Birmingham holds the largest Saint Patrick’s Day parade in Britain with a city centre parade[106] over a two-mile (3 km) route through the city centre. The organisers describe it as the third biggest parade in the world after Dublin and New York.[107]

London, since 2002, has had an annual Saint Patrick’s Day parade which takes place on weekends around the 17th, usually in Trafalgar Square. In 2008 the water in the Trafalgar Square fountains was dyed green. In 2020 the Parade was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[citation needed]

Liverpool has the highest proportion of residents with Irish ancestry of any English city.[108] This has led to a long-standing celebration on St Patrick’s Day in terms of music, cultural events and the parade.[citation needed]

Manchester hosts a two-week Irish festival in the weeks prior to Saint Patrick’s Day. The festival includes an Irish Market based at the city’s town hall which flies the Irish tricolour opposite the Union Flag, a large parade as well as a large number of cultural and learning events throughout the two-week period.[109]

Malta[edit]

The first Saint Patrick’s Day celebrations in Malta took place in the early 20th century by soldiers of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers who were stationed in Floriana. Celebrations were held in the Balzunetta area of the town, which contained a number of bars and was located close to the barracks. The Irish diaspora in Malta continued to celebrate the feast annually.[110]

Today, Saint Patrick’s Day is mainly celebrated in Spinola Bay and Paceville areas of St Julian’s,[111] although other celebrations still occur at Floriana[110] and other locations.[112][113] Thousands of Maltese attend the celebrations, «which are more associated with drinking beer than traditional Irish culture.»[114][115]

Norway[edit]

Norway has had a St. Patrick’s Day parade in Oslo since 2000, first organized by Irish expatriates living in Norway, and partially coordinated with the Irish embassy in Oslo.[116]

Russia[edit]

Moscow hosts an annual Saint Patrick’s Day festival.

The first Saint Patrick’s Day parade in Russia took place in 1992.[117] Since 1999, there has been a yearly «Saint Patrick’s Day» festival in Moscow and other Russian cities.[118] The official part of the Moscow parade is a military-style parade and is held in collaboration with the Moscow government and the Irish embassy in Moscow. The unofficial parade is held by volunteers and resembles a carnival. In 2014, Moscow Irish Week was celebrated from 12 to 23 March, which includes Saint Patrick’s Day on 17 March. Over 70 events celebrating Irish culture in Moscow, St Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Voronezh, and Volgograd were sponsored by the Irish Embassy, the Moscow City Government, and other organisations.[119]

In 2017, the Russian Orthodox Church added the feast day of Saint Patrick to its liturgical calendar, to be celebrated on 30 March [O.S. 17 March].[120]

Bosnia and Herzegovina[edit]

Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a large Irish expatriate community.[121][122] The community established the Sarajevo Irish Festival in 2015, which is held for three days around and including Saint Patrick’s Day. The festival organizes an annual a parade, hosts Irish theatre companies, screens Irish films and organizes concerts of Irish folk musicians. The festival has hosted numerous Irish artists, filmmakers, theatre directors and musicians such as Conor Horgan, Ailis Ni Riain, Dermot Dunne, Mick Moloney, Chloë Agnew and others.[123][124][125]

Scotland[edit]

The Scottish town of Coatbridge, where the majority of the town’s population are of Irish descent,[126][127] also has a Saint Patrick’s Day Festival which includes celebrations and parades in the town centre.[127][128]

Glasgow has a considerably large Irish population; due, for the most part, to the Irish immigration during the 19th century. This immigration was the main cause in raising the population of Glasgow by over 100,000 people.[129] Due to this large Irish population, there are many Irish-themed pubs and Irish interest groups who hold yearly celebrations on Saint Patrick’s day in Glasgow. Glasgow has held a yearly Saint Patrick’s Day parade and festival since 2007.[130]

Switzerland[edit]

While Saint Patrick’s Day in Switzerland is commonly celebrated on 17 March with festivities similar to those in neighbouring central European countries, it is not unusual for Swiss students to organise celebrations in their own living spaces on Saint Patrick’s Eve. Most popular are usually those in Zurich’s Kreis 4. Traditionally, guests also contribute with beverages and dress in green.[131]

Lithuania[edit]

Although it is not a national holiday in Lithuania, the Vilnia River is dyed green every year on the Saint Patrick’s Day in the capital Vilnius.[132]

Americas[edit]

Canada[edit]

Montreal hosts one of the longest-running and largest Saint Patrick’s Day parades in North America

One of the longest-running and largest Saint Patrick’s Day (French: le jour de la Saint-Patrick) parades in North America occurs each year in Montreal,[133] whose city flag includes a shamrock in its lower-right quadrant. The yearly celebration has been organised by the United Irish Societies of Montreal since 1929. The parade has been held yearly without interruption since 1824. St Patrick’s Day itself, however, has been celebrated in Montreal since as far back as 1759 by Irish soldiers in the Montreal Garrison following the British conquest of New France.

In Saint John, New Brunswick Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated as a week-long celebration. Shortly after the JP Collins Celtic Festival is an Irish festival celebrating Saint John’s Irish heritage. The festival is named for a young Irish doctor James Patrick Collins who worked on Partridge Island (Saint John County) quarantine station tending to sick Irish immigrants before he died there himself.

In Manitoba, the Irish Association of Manitoba runs a yearly three-day festival of music and culture based around St Patrick’s Day.[134]

In 2004, the CelticFest Vancouver Society organised its first yearly festival in downtown Vancouver to celebrate the Celtic Nations and their cultures. This event, which includes a parade, occurs each year during the weekend nearest St Patrick’s Day.[135]

In Quebec City, there was a parade from 1837 to 1926. The Quebec City St-Patrick Parade returned in 2010 after more than 84 years. For the occasion, a portion of the New York Police Department Pipes and Drums were present as special guests.

There has been a parade held in Toronto since at least 1863.[136]

The Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team was known as the Toronto St. Patricks from 1919 to 1927, and wore green jerseys. In 1999, when the Maple Leafs played on St Patrick’s Day, they wore green St Patrick’s retro uniforms.[citation needed]

Some groups, notably Guinness, have lobbied to make Saint Patrick’s Day a national holiday.[137]

In March 2009, the Calgary Tower changed its top exterior lights to new green CFL bulbs just in time for St Patrick’s Day. Part of an environmental non-profit organisation’s campaign (Project Porchlight), the green represented environmental concerns. Approximately 210 lights were changed in time for Saint Patrick’s Day, and resembled a Leprechaun’s hat. After a week, white CFLs took their place. The change was estimated to save the Calgary Tower some $12,000 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 104 tonnes.[138]

United States[edit]

Saint Patrick’s Day, while not a legal holiday in the United States, is nonetheless widely recognised and observed throughout the country as a celebration of Irish and Irish-American culture. Celebrations include prominent displays of the colour green, religious observances, numerous parades, and copious consumption of alcohol.[11] The holiday has been celebrated in what is now the U.S since 1601.[140]

In 2020, for the first time in over 250 years, the parade in New York City, the largest in the world, was postponed due to concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic.[141]

Mexico[edit]

The Saint Patrick’s Battalion is honored in Mexico on Saint Patrick’s Day.[142]

Argentina[edit]

In Buenos Aires, a party is held in the downtown street of Reconquista, where there are several Irish pubs;[143][144] in 2006, there were 50,000 people in this street and the pubs nearby.[145] Neither the Catholic Church nor the Irish community, the fifth largest in the world outside Ireland,[146] take part in the organisation of the parties.

Montserrat[edit]

The island of Montserrat is known as the «Emerald Island of the Caribbean» because of its founding by Irish refugees from Saint Kitts and Nevis. Montserrat is one of three places where Saint Patrick’s Day is a public holiday, along with Ireland and the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The holiday in Montserrat also commemorates a failed slave uprising that occurred on 17 March 1768.[147]

Oceania[edit]

Australia[edit]

St Patrick’s Day is not a national holiday in Australia, although it is celebrated each year across the country’s states and territories.[148][149][150] Festivals and parades are often held on weekends around 17 March in cities such as Sydney,[151] Brisbane,[152] Adelaide,[153] and Melbourne.[154] On occasion, festivals and parades are cancelled. For instance, Melbourne’s 2006 and 2007 St Patrick’s Day festivals and parades were cancelled due to sporting events (Commonwealth Games and Australian Grand Prix) being booked on and around the planned St Patrick’s Day festivals and parades in the city.[155] In Sydney the parade and family day was cancelled in 2016 due to financial problems.[156][157] However, Brisbane’s St Patrick’s Day parade, which was cancelled at the outbreak of World War II and wasn’t revived until 1990,[158] was not called off in 2020 as precaution for the COVID-19 pandemic, in contrast to many other St Patrick’s Day parades around the world.[159]

The first mention of St Patrick’s Day being celebrated in Australia was in 1795, when Irish convicts and administrators, Catholic and Protestant, in the penal colony came together to celebrate the day as a national holiday, despite a ban against assemblies being in place at the time.[160] This unified day of Irish nationalist observance would soon dissipate over time, with celebrations on St Patrick’s Day becoming divisive between religions and social classes, representative more of Australianness than of Irishness and held intermittingly throughout the years.[160][161][162] Historian Patrick O’Farrell credits the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin and Archbishop Daniel Mannix of Melbourne for re-igniting St Patrick’s Day celebrations in Australia and reviving the sense of Irishness amongst those with Irish heritage.[160] The organisers of the St Patrick’s festivities in the past were, more often than not, the Catholic clergy[163] which often courted controversy.[164][165] Bishop Patrick Phelan of Sale described in 1921 how the authorities in Victoria had ordered that a Union Jack be flown at the front of the St Patrick’s Day parade and following the refusal by Irishmen and Irish-Australians to do so, the authorities paid for an individual to carry the flag at the head of the parade.[166][167] This individual was later assaulted by two men who were later fined in court.[168][169]

New Zealand[edit]

From 1878 to 1955, St Patrick’s Day was recognised as a public holiday in New Zealand, together with St George’s Day (England) and St Andrew’s Day (Scotland).[170][171][172] Auckland attracted many Irish migrants in the 1850s and 1860s, and it was here where some of the earliest St Patrick’s Day celebrations took place, which often entailed the hosting of community picnics.[173] However, this rapidly evolved from the late 1860s onwards to include holding parades with pipe bands and marching children wearing green, sporting events, concerts, balls and other social events, where people displayed their Irishness with pride.[173] While St Patrick’s Day is no longer recognised as a public holiday, it continues to be celebrated across New Zealand with festivals and parades at weekends on or around 17 March.[174][175]

Asia[edit]

Saint Patrick’s parades are now held in many locations across Japan.[176] The first parade, in Tokyo, was organised by The Irish Network Japan (INJ) in 1992.

The Irish Association of Korea has celebrated Saint Patrick’s Day since 1976 in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. The place of the parade and festival has been moved from Itaewon and Daehangno to Cheonggyecheon.[177]

In Malaysia, the St Patrick’s Society of Selangor, founded in 1925, organises a yearly St Patrick’s Ball, described as the biggest Saint Patrick’s Day celebration in Asia. Guinness Anchor Berhad also organises 36 parties across the country in places like the Klang Valley, Penang, Johor Bahru, Malacca, Ipoh, Kuantan, Kota Kinabalu, Miri and Kuching.

International Space Station[edit]

Astronauts on board the International Space Station have celebrated the festival in different ways. Irish-American Catherine Coleman played a hundred-year-old flute belonging to Matt Molloy and a tin whistle belonging to Paddy Moloney, both members of the Irish music group The Chieftains, while floating weightless in the space station on Saint Patrick’s Day in 2011.[178][179][180] Her performance was later included in a track called «The Chieftains in Orbit» on the group’s 2012 album, Voice of Ages.[181]

Chris Hadfield took photographs of Ireland from Earth orbit, and a picture of himself wearing green clothing in the space station, and posted them online on Saint Patrick’s Day in 2013. He also posted online a recording of himself singing «Danny Boy» in space.[182][183]

Criticism[edit]

Saint Patrick’s Day celebrations have been criticised, particularly for their association with public drunkenness and disorderly conduct. Some argue that the festivities have become too commercialised and tacky,[184][185] and have strayed from their original purpose of honouring St Patrick and Irish heritage.[186][187][184] Irish American journalist Niall O’Dowd has criticised attempts to recast Saint Patrick’s Day as a celebration of multiculturalism rather than a celebration of Irishness.[188]

Man in a leprechaun outfit on Saint Patrick’s Day

Saint Patrick’s Day celebrations have also been criticised for fostering demeaning stereotypes of Ireland and Irish people.[184] An example is the wearing of ‘leprechaun outfits’,[189] which are based on derogatory 19th century caricatures of the Irish.[190] In the run up to St Patrick’s Day 2014, the Ancient Order of Hibernians successfully campaigned to stop major American retailers from selling novelty merchandise that promoted negative Irish stereotypes.[191]

Some[who?] have described Saint Patrick’s Day celebrations outside Ireland as displays of «Plastic Paddyness»; where foreigners appropriate and misrepresent Irish culture, claim Irish identity, and enact Irish stereotypes.[192]

LGBT groups in the US were long banned from marching in Saint Patrick’s Day parades in New York City and Boston, resulting in the landmark Supreme Court decision of Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston. In New York City, the ban was lifted in 2014,[193] but LGBT groups still find that barriers to participation exist.[194] In Boston, the ban on LGBT group participation was lifted in 2015.[195]

Sports events[edit]

  • Traditionally the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship and All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship were held on Saint Patrick’s Day in Croke Park, Dublin, but since 2020 these now take place in January. The Interprovincial Championship was previously held on 17 March but this was switched to games being played in Autumn.
  • The Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup, Munster Schools Rugby Senior Cup and Ulster Schools Senior Cup are held on Saint Patrick’s Day. The Connacht Schools Rugby Senior Cup is held on the weekend before Saint Patrick’s Day.
  • Horse racing at the Cheltenham Festival attracts large numbers of Irish people, both residents of Britain and many who travel from Ireland, and usually coincides with Saint Patrick’s Day.[196]
  • The Six Nations Championship is an annual international rugby Union tournament competed by England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, and Wales and reaches its climax on or around Saint Patrick’s Day.[197][198] On St Patrick’s Day 2018, Ireland defeated England 24–15 at Twickenham, London to claim the third Grand Slam in their history.[199][200]
  • The Saint Patrick’s Day Test is an international rugby league tournament that is played between the US and Ireland. The competition was first started in 1995 and continued in 1996, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2011, and 2012. Ireland won the first two tests as well as the one in 2011, with the US winning the remaining 5. The game is usually held on or around 17 March to coincide with Saint Patrick’s Day.[201]
  • The major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada that play during March often wear special third jerseys to acknowledge the holiday. Examples include the Buffalo Sabres (who have worn special Irish-themed practice jerseys), Toronto Maple Leafs (who wear Toronto St. Patricks throwbacks), New York Knicks, Toronto Raptors, and most Major League Baseball teams. The New Jersey Devils have worn their green-and-red throwback jerseys on or around Saint Patrick’s Day in recent years.[202]

See also[edit]

  • Gaelic calendar, also known as Irish calendar
  • «It’s a Great Day for the Irish»
  • Order of St. Patrick
  • Saint Patrick’s Breastplate
  • St. Patrick’s Day Snowstorm of 1892
  • Saint Urho

References[edit]

  1. ^ Doug Bolton (16 March 2016). «One Irish creative agency is leading the charge against ‘St. Patty’s Day’«. The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018. That’s the thinking behind the No More Patty Google Chrome extension, created by Dublin-based creative agency in the Company of Huskies. The extension can be installed in a few clicks, and automatically replaces every online mention of the «very wrong» ‘Patty’ with the «absolutely right» ‘Paddy’.
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  • Cronin, Mike; Adair, Daryl (2002). The Wearing of the Green: A History of St. Patrick’s Day. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-18004-7.

External links[edit]

  • Saint Patrick’s Day at Curlie
  • Saint Patrick’s Day History – slideshow by The Huffington Post
  • [3] St Patrick’s Day History And Traditions

День Святого Патрика: что нужно знать

В статье вы узнаете о Дне Святого Патрика, его истории и традициях.

История Дня Святого Патрика

Итак, по сути, St. Patrick’s day – это культурный праздник, который отмечается в день смерти святого Патрика (небесного покровителя Ирландии). Этот день символизирует принятие христианства в стране. Считается, что Святой Патрик является на только покровителем Ирландии, но и родоначальником ирландской литературы.

Где бы в этот день, 17 марта, не находился ирландец, он обязательно будет отмечать свою принадлежность к этому славному народу. Хотя это и христианский праздник, который зачастую попадает на пост перед Пасхой, в этот день даже церковью сделаны послабления на употребления алкоголя. Ведь действительно, истинный ирландец должен выпить за свою родину!

Как празднуется St. Patrick’s day?

В День Святого Патрика в Ирландии проводятся церковные службы, парады и фестивали. Так что каждый любитель этой страны может выбрать себе времяпрепровождение по душе.

Но не думайте, что массово этот день празднуют только в Ирландии. Во многих городах и странах проводятся парады и вечеринки. К примеру, в Канаде, проходит один из самых больших парадов в Северной Америке. А в Чикаго (США) в St. Patrick’s day даже красят воду главной реки города цвет праздника – зеленый. Этот день также активно отмечают в Аргентине, США, Великобритании, Японии, Швейцарии — везде, где представлена ирландская диаспора.

За несколько недель до праздника в магазинах можно купить и зеленые футболки со смешными надписями, и зеленые шляпы. Даже появляется еда зеленого цвета, которая в нормальной жизни никогда не бывает такого оттенка (к примеру, печенья с зеленой глазурью).

Символы Дня Святого Патрика

Довольно общей информации! Давайте обратимся к английскому языку и узнаем, какие слова крепко связаны с этим днем.

Конечно же, как и у любого особого дня, у данного праздника есть свои символы и слова-ассоциации, названия которых нечасто встретишь в повседневной речи.

Особые символы праздника Ирландии

  • Shamrock – трилистник
  • Это растение является символом страны. Данная трава заслужила подобную честь, так как считается, что именно ее использовал Святой Патрик, когда объяснял основную концепцию Trinity (Троица).

    Поэтому, иногда этот праздник называют Shamrock Day. Не удивляйтесь, если празднующие ирландцы будут говорить что-то типа «Happy Shamrocks» или “have a sham-rocking day”.

    Кстати, в сленге этот праздник могут еще называть и St. Paddy’s day, так как Paddy – это сокращенная версия имени Patrick. И тут нет ничего странного, ведь изначально это имя писалось как Pádraig. Иногда можно встретить и сокращения типа St. Patty’s day, но это не совсем правильно. Ведь имя Patty – это краткий вариант от Patricia, и ей точно далеко до Патрика.

  • Leprechaun – лепрекон; эльф, который всегда носит кошелек с деньгами
  • Этот персонаж один из представителей ирландского фольклора. Поэтому не удивительно, что в этот день он является своеобразным символом праздника. Невысокие пожилые человечки, одетые во все зеленое, известны тем, что они могут исполнять желания или одаривать золотом.

  • Ceilidh /ˈkeɪli/ – кейли, традиционные групповые танцы Ирландии и Шотландии
  • Это слово употребляется в английском языке не только, когда речь заходит о танцах. В определенном контексте ceilidh обозначает ирландскую вечеринку с музыкой и танцами. Изначально слово «кейли» как раз таки и означало слова «праздник» и «вечеринка».

  • Bagpipe – волынка
  • Именно инструмент под таким называнием используется для того, чтобы исполнять национальную ирландскую музыку, без которой не обходится ни одно празднование.

  • Donnybrook – шумная ссора, драка
  • Изначально слово Donnybrook отсылает нас к району в городе Дублин. Но если мы капнем чуть глубже, то узнаем, что именно так в сленге называется «шумная ссора». Интересно, почему именно этот район Дублина так прославился?

    Повседневные слова как символы Дня Святого Патрика

    У каждого праздника есть какие-то свои символы, которые мы запросто можем встретить и в обычный день. Но именно в день празднования они приобретают особый смысл. Что же за простые символы могут быть у Дня Святого Патрика?

  • Emerald green – изумрудно-зеленый
  • Как мы уже знаем, зеленый – это цвет St. Patrick’s Day. Но считается, что самым правильным зеленым будет как раз насыщенно зеленый, или как его называют – изумрудно-зеленый (emerald – изумруд).

  • Four-leaf clover – четырехлистный клевер
  • По поверью, именно такой клевер (clover) и приносит удачу. Так что 17 марта вы можете увидеть много изображений этого растения. Ведь в нем сочетается все: и нужный цвет, и похожесть на символ Ирландии, и символ удачи.

  • Luck – удача
  • Считается, что ирландцы – чрезвычайно удачливый народ. Не зря даже есть выражение “luck of the Irish”, которое означает «очень удачливый». Наверное, этому народу действительно покровительствуют лепреконы. Откуда же пошло это выражение? Говорят, что во время «золотой» и «серебренной» лихорадки в XIX веке самыми счастливыми золотоискателями были как раз ирландцы (ну или ирландцы американского происхождения). Вот это выражение “luck of the Irish” и закрепилось в языке с тех пор.

  • Rainbow – радуга
  • Если верить мифам, то покровители Ирландии, лепреконы, прячут горшочек с золотом (pot of gold) в самом конце радуги. Не удивительно, что и сама радуга, и горшочек с золотом являются одним из символов Дня Святого Патрика.

    Чтобы учить английский дальше, переходите на эту статью с лексикой о развлечениях.

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    Внеклассное мероприятие

    по английскому языку

    «День Святого Патрика»

    Цель мероприятия – формировать устойчивую учебно-познавательную мотивацию к изучению английского языка.

    Задачи: 1. Учить применять коммуникативные умения и навыки по английскому языку в различных речевых ситуациях.

    2. Воспитывать интерес к культуре англоговорящих стран.

    3. Способствовать развитию личности ребенка через изучение культуры, традиций народа.

    4. Развивать языковую догадку, мышление, воображение.

    5. Развивать творческие, артистические способности обучающихся.

    1. Вступительное слово учителя.

    17 марта в Ирландии отмечают праздник День Святого Патрика. Уже давно этот праздник перестал быть только ирландским.

     Первые пионеры-переселенцы из Ирландии принесли в США традицию изрядно повеселиться в этот день. Всем прочим переселенцам дважды предлагать повеселиться не пришлось: праздник прижился в Северной Америке, как будто там и рос.  Отмечают этот день в Европе, Австралии.

    У студентов начинаются весенние каникулы, и, конечно же, они не прочь повеселиться.Настраиваемся на боевой ирландский лад. Прекрасные дамы делают себе зеленый маникюр, красят волосы в зеленый цвет, приготавливают к параду зеленые шляпки и платья. А мужчины заготавливают традиционные зеленые котелки, достают с антресолей барабаны и волынки. Лошадей украшают зелеными попонами и красивыми пышными зелеными головными уборами. В Чикаго даже реку в этот день красят в зеленый цвет. День Святого Патрика – день зеленого цвета.

    1. (дети надевают зеленые шляпы, бантики, всем вручают зеленые трилистники-эмблемки, выносят зеленую гирлянду)

    Песенка «Всезеленое»

    Things that are green

    The trees are green, the grass is green,

    My clothes are green, my nose is green-

    Your chair is green, your hair is green-

    Everything’s green on March seventeen.

    His head is green, her cat is green,

    His plants are green, her pants are green,

    Our house is green, their mouse is green-

    Everything’s green on March seventeen.

    1. Представлениепраздника

    Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated each year on March 17th.  In Ireland, Saint Patrick’s Day is both a holy day and a national holiday.  Saint Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland as he was the one who brought Christianity to the Irish. 

    День Святого Патрика отмечают каждый год 17 марта. В Ирландии День Святого Патрика и религиозный и национальный праздник. Святой Патрик святой покровитель Ирландии. Он принес христианство ирландцам.

    Accordingtolegend, SaintPatrickusedashamrocktoexplainaboutGod. The shamrock, which looks like clover, has three leaves on each stem.  Saint Patrick told the people that the shamrock was like the idea of the Trinity – that in the one God there are three divine beings:  the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Theshamrockisasymboloftheholiday.

    Согласно легенде, Святой Патрик использовал трилистник, чтобы рассказать о Боге. Святой Патрик сказал людям, что Бог един и в нем три начала: отец , сын и дух святой. Также и у трилистника – один листок – единство трех частей. Трилистник – это символ праздника.

    One green shamrock, in the morning dew,

    Another  one sprouted, and then there are were two.

    Two green shamrocks, growing beneath a tree,

    Another one sprouted and then there were three.

    Three green shamrocks, by the cottage door,

    Another one sprouted and then there were four.

    Four green shamrocks, near a beehive

    Another one sprouted and then there were five.

    Five little shamrocks, bright and emerald green,

    Think of all the luck these shamrocks will bring.

    Один зеленый трилистник в утренней росе,

    Пустил росток другой, и теперь их два.

    Два зеленых трилистника растут под деревом,

    Появился третий, и теперь их три.

    Три зеленых трилистника у двери дома,

    Вырос четвертый, и вот их четыре.

    Четыре зеленых трилистника около улья,

    Пустил росток пятый, и вот их пять.

    Пять маленьких трилистников, ярких и изумрудно-зеленых,

    Подумайте, сколько удачи все они принесут.

    1. Учитель: Сегодня мы отмечаем день Святого Патрика, веселимся, играем и соревнуемся. (выбираются две команды)

    Первый конкурс «Трилистник»(конкурсы проводит учитель)

    Вопросыналисткетрилистника:

    1 What can people do during the holiday?

    Dance, sing songs, play games, eat tasty food, meet friends, visit relatives, take part in the parade, watch shows, give presents.

    2 What can you see on the holiday?

    Flowers, balloons, garlands, beautiful costumes, concerts, presents, shows, wonderful dishes, fairy-tales characters, fireworks.

    3 What do people usually eat and drink for holiday dinner?

    Cakes, cheese, ice-cream, sweets, fruit, tea, cola, salads, fried chicken, roasted turkey or goose, sausage.

    1. Nowadays Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated with parades with the procession of brass bands, eccentric suits, folk dancers and laughing persons by hundredsof millions of people. All the people are wearing green, line the streets to watch. On this day, the whole world — from Dublin to Sidney and from New York to Moscow and Saint Petersburg — becomes Irish.

    В День Святого Патрика устраивается парад с духовым оркестром, эксцентричными костюмами, танцорами, миллионами веселых людей, одетых в зеленые костюмы. Весь мир от Дублина до Сиднея, от Нью-Йорка до Москвы и Санкт-Петербурга становится ирландским.

    1. Irish dancing is an ancient tradition that managed to survive over time. When the Celts came to Ireland from central Europe 2000 years ago, they brought with them their folk dances. Irish dancing, popularised by the world-famous show «Riverdance», is notable for its rapid leg movements, body and arms being kept largely stationary. Irish dances are accompanied by playing of bagpipes and harp. The dance is still the part of social culture in Ireland. There are a lot of dancing on the Saint Patrick’s Day.

    Ирландский танец – это древнейшая традиция. Кельты принесли традицию народных танцев в Ирландию 2000 лет назад. Ирландский танец отличается быстрыми движениями ног под аккомпанемент волынки и губной гармоники. Танец – часть культуры Ирландии, конечно, ирландцы танцуют на празднике. Ирландский танец представляет всемирно-известное шоу «Риверданс»

    1. Another tale about Patrick is that he drove the snakes from Ireland.  Different versions of the story, tell of him standing upon a hill, using a wooden staff to drive the serpents into the sea, banishing them forever from Ireland.  

    Вторая легенда о Патрике гласит, что он прогнал змей из Ирландии. Есть разные версии истории, но все говорят о том, что Патрик собрал всех змей и направил их в море, заставил навсегда покинуть  Ирландию.

    1. Второй конкурс «Змейка»

    Команды видят картинки на слайде, называют их, рассказывают о достопримечательностях

    Tower Bridge, the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, Trafalgar Square,  London Eye.

    1. Ученик, одетый лепреконом,  рассказывает стихотворение:

    The second symbol of the day is the leprechaun.

    There was a little leprechaun,
                          He lived under a rainbow.

    R — A — I — N — ‘bow’
                          R — A — I — N — ‘bow’
                          R — A — I — N — ‘bow’

    He lived under a rainbow.

    Жил-был маленький лепрекон, он жил под радугой.

    Near a misty stream in Ireland in the hollow of a tree
    Live mystical, magical leprechauns
    who are clever as can be
    With their pointed ears, and turned up toes and little coats of green
    The leprechauns busily make their shoes and try hard not to be seen.
    Only those who really believe have seen these little elves
    And if we are all believers
    We can surely see for ourselves.

    Около туманного ручья в Ирландии в расщелине дерева живут загадочные волшебные лепреконы. У них острые ушки, зеленые сюртучки и шляпы. Лепреконы мастерят башмаки, они очень стараются, чтобы их не заметили. Только те, кто верит по-настоящему могут увидеть этих эльфов.

    1. Третий конкурс «Сюрприз для лепрекона»

    Everything is green on St. Patrick’s day.  It’s possible to see bread, pasta and even green eggs.

    Все зеленое в День Святого Патрика. Можно увидеть зеленый хлеб, пасту, даже яйца. Как же это все готовят? Сейчас команды нам расскажут.

    Команды переводят, рассказывают, как приготовить зеленые блюда.

    1 Take potatoes and mutton (баранина), cut and put in a pan (сковорода), pour broth (бульон) in it. Make paste (тесто), mix flour (мука), eggs, margarine and salt. Put it in the pan and bake. Strew with (посыпать) dill (укроп) or parsley (петрушка) to make it green.

    2 Make paste (тесто), mix butter, sugar (сахар), eggs, flour (мука), salt, vanilla, soda. Form leaves (листья)of shamrock, bake.

    Make syrup (глазурь). Mix milk, sugar, corn syrup, almond extract (миндальныйэкстракт) and green colouring (краситель). Put the syrup on the biscuits.

    1. The leprechaun is an elf-like creature from Irish folklore. He is lazy, cunning, ill-tempered, greedy. He has a pot of gold well hidden at the end of the rainbow.

    Лепрекон – маленькое существо из ирландских сказок. Он ленивый, хитрый, сварливый, жадный. У него есть горшок золота, который лепрекон прячет на конце радуги. Нужно очень постараться, чтобы перехитрить лепрекона и заставить его показать, где спрятан клад.

    1. Пятый конкурс «Рассказ о Дне Святого Патрика»

    Обучающиеся находят соответствующие подписям картинки, рассказывают, что значат эти вещи для праздника.

    Shamrock, snake, leprechaun, rainbow, pot of gold, Saint Patrick, parade.

    1. Учитель: So Patty’s Day means everything is green. There are millions of people in the streets, going in the parade, dancing Irish dances, playing Irish music. You can taste green food and drinks. Leprechauns can trick on you, or you can turn into a leprechaun yourself.

    Итак, День Пэтти, как ласково называют этого Святого, означает прекрасный праздник зеленого цвета. Миллионы людей идут парадом по улицам, поют, танцуют ирландские танцы. Вы можете попробовать удивительные зеленые блюда и напитки. Увидите множество лепреконов, а может быть сами нарядитесь в лепрекона и принесете кому-то удачу.

    Игра «Поиски счастья»

    Все вытаскивают листки трилистника с пожеланием, счастье находит тот, у кого листок из четырех частей.

    Внеклассная работа способствует более
    глубокому овладению языком, творческому
    развитию учеников. Чтобы привлечь обучающихся к
    творческой внеклассной работе, необходимо
    обеспечить их увлекательным материалом
    страноведческого, игрового характера. Широко
    распространены вечера, посвящённые праздничным
    датам. На них ученики знакомятся с культурой
    англоязычных стран, открывают для себя что-то
    новое в культуре своей страны, учатся уважать
    традиции и обычаи других народов и ценить свои,
    то есть происходит тот самый диалог культур,
    формирование межкультурной компетенции, которые
    так необходимы при изучении иностранного языка.
    Данная работа представляет собой конспект
    мероприятия “День Святого Патрика”. Этот
    праздник стал популярным во всём мире. Эта
    разработка поможет узнать о нём и в вашей школе.

    Цель праздника:


    1. Формирование межкультурной компетенции.

    Задачи праздника:

    1. Познакомить учеников с культурными традициями
      стран изучаемого языка.
    2. Предоставить учеников возможность пообщаться
      на английском языке во внеурочное время.
    3. Помочь учеников увидеть применение своим
      положительным человеческим качествам, научить
      работать в сотрудничестве.

    Подготовка к празднику:


    1. Стихи ко Дню Святого Патрика на английском
      языке.
    2. Символ Ирландии – клевер.
    3. Перевод наиболее трудных слов на листочках для
      каждой группы.
    4. Фотографии с видами Ирландии.
    5. Раздаточный материал для конкурсов: раскраски,
      кроссворды, шарады, ирландская легенда, стихи,
      цветная бумага, ножницы, нитки, иголки.
    6. Музыка в ирландском стиле.
    7. Портрет Святого Патрика.

    Ход праздника.

    Ученики при входе в класс получают листочки
    зелёного цвета с номером своей команды и садятся
    за три стола, согласно командам. Звучит
    ирландская музыка.

    Учитель: Сегодня мы собрались с вами, чтобы
    узнать об одном из праздников, который празднуют
    в Ирландии, в США и во многих других странах.

    March 17 is St. Patrick’s Day. It’s a national Irish holiday. But many people who
    immigrated to the United States have come from Ireland. Today, Irish descendants in the
    United States put on a noisier and bigger St. Patrick’s Day celebration than the people in
    Ireland. Every year on March 17 or the preceding Saturday, cities with large population of
    Irish Americans have parades. Green is one of the national colours of Ireland and also one
    of the signs of spring. Green stripes are painted on the streets where the parade will
    travel. People wear green shirts, ties, hair ribbons and hats. Many American bars even
    serve green beer on that day!

    Учитель Вы, наверно заметили, что листочки с
    номерами ваших команд зелёного цвета, зелёный –
    это цвет Дня Святого Патрика. Но кто же такой
    Святой Патрик? Давайте узнаем это из рассказа о
    нём, а затем ответим на вопросы. Вам даётся 5
    минут. Команды получают тексты о Святом Патрике.

    St. Patrick

    The person who was to become St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, was born in
    Wales about AD 385. When he was 16, he was sold into slavery to Ireland where he was a
    shepherd for 6 years. While in captivity he studied and turned to religion. He escaped
    slavery and later returned to Ireland as a missionary, determined to convert Ireland to
    Christianity. He used the shamrock to explain the Holy Trinity.

    Patrick was quite successful at winning converts. And this fact upset the Celtic
    Druids. Patrick was arrested several times, but escaped each time. He traveled throughout
    Ireland, establishing monasteries across the country. He also set up schools and churches
    which would aid him in his conversion of the Irish country to Christianity.

    His mission in Ireland lasted for thirty years. After that time, Patrick retired to
    County Down. He died on March 17 in AD 461. That day has been commemorated as St.
    Patrick’s Day ever since.

    Учитель. А теперь ответьте на вопросы, чтобы
    проверить насколько хорошо вы поняли рассказ.

    1. Когда родился Святой Патрик?
    2. Что случилось с ним, когда ему было 16 лет?
    3. Зачем он вернулся в Ирландию?
    4. Почему друиды были недовольны Святым Патриком?
    5. Чем ещё занимался он в Ирландии?
    6. Почему День Святого Патрика празднуют 17 марта?

    Учитель. Существует множество мифов об этом
    ирландском святом. Вот ряд из них. Читаем мифы,
    написанные на доске.

    Just myths…so they say

    1. Patrick used a shamrock to explain the trinity
    2. Not true but the shamrock was worn in Ireland as a symbol of the cross.

    3. Patrick drove the snakes out of the country.
    4. There were never any snakes in Ireland.

    5. Patrick was the first to preach Christianity in Ireland.



    It is known that there were Christians in Ireland before his time.

    Учитель. Как же ирландцы празднуют День Святого
    Патрика? Послушайте и выполните задание.

    St. Patrick’s Day is fun to celebrate by doing things like decorating shamrock cookies
    or making shamrock necklaces or pins. If you’re planning a St. Patrick’s Day party you can
    use your homemade shamrock jewelry for playing a party game. Have each person wear their
    shamrock necklace or pin and tell them that they may not cross any part of their bodies,
    i.e. hands, legs or feet. They then must keep an eye on all the other party guests and if
    they catch anyone crossing anything, they may go to that person and request their shamrock
    jewelry and wear it in addition to their own. The person wearing the most shamrock jewelry
    by the end of the party is the winner of this game. Another I fun game is to hide a small
    pot of gold chocolate coins and let your guests I search for it. If you’re planning to
    serve food at your party, you could draw a 1 four leaf clover on the bottom of one of your
    plates and have a door prize for the guest who selects that plate.

    For some fun you can place your invitation message on shamrocks cut from green
    construction paper, or you could use the one-serving size boxes of cereal and place your
    invitation message on the back with a large mailing label; then just wrap the boxes and
    mail them to your guests.

    A St. Patrick’s Day Party Buffet is fun and easy because just about any kind of food
    can be tinted green A more traditional meal of corned beef and cabbage is another option
    and you can add lots of green side dishes to go along with it. A Blarney Stone surrounded
    by shamrocks, a Leprechaun sitting next to a pot of gold chocolate coins, or even an Irish
    Derby make great centerpieces for a St. Patrick’s Day Buffet table. Clear carbonated
    beverages can be tinted green to fill a punch bowl, and mint chocolate chip ice cream
    makes a great St. Patrick’s Day dessert.

    Для классов с недостаточным уровнем
    английского языка эту информацию можно дать на
    русском.

    Счастье в День Святого Патрика можно обрести
    следующим образом — стоит только найти
    четырехлистный клевер. Такой листочек клевера
    приносит удачу всегда, но в День святого Патрика
    такое счастье удваивается. Непонятно только, что
    же делать жителям северных стран, где этот
    праздник приходится на холодное начало весны,
    когда клевера на лугах и в помине нет.

    Традиционно в День Святого Патрика
    устраиваются парады. На улицы выходят люди,
    одетые в экстравагантные костюмы, и также
    духовые оркестры, которые не могут обойтись без
    знаменитой волынки. Народная молва гласит о том,
    что эта традиция родилась в Ирландии. Но, похоже,
    что это не совсем так. Во всяком случае, Нью-Йорк и
    Бостон оспаривают пальму первенства. Ньюйоркцы
    утверждают, что первый парад состоялся в 1762 году
    именно в их городе. Тогда Ирландия находилась под
    властью англичан, и вполне возможно, что жители
    непокорных североамериканских колоний выражали
    так свою с ними солидарность.

    В настоящее время праздничный парад Дня
    Святого Патрика празднуют сотни миллионов людей
    во всем мире. В этот день весь мир — от Дублина до
    Сиднея и от Нью-Йорка до Москвы с Петербургом —
    становится ирландским. Ирландцы и их друзья
    вспоминают национальную музыку и танцы,
    спектакли и весёлые торжества. Но прежде всего —
    парады с шествием духовых оркестров,
    экстравагантными костюмами, народным
    творчеством и смеющимися лицами. В День Святого
    Патрика каждый американец превращается в
    почетного ирландца, все вокруг зеленеет, даже то,
    что позеленеть не может в принципе. В барах
    подают зеленое пиво, в магазинах торгуют
    зелеными бубликами, а в Чикаго заходят еще дальше
    и красят воду в реке в зеленый цвет.

    В самой Ирландии парад в День Святого Патрика
    проводится более чем в 30 городах, включая
    основные парады, проходящие в Корке, Галеве,
    Лимерике и, конечно же, в Дублине с его
    грандиозными празднествами. Забавно, что в
    Ирландии этот праздник долгое время считался
    исключительно религиозным, а до семидесятых
    годов прошлого столетия ирландские законы
    предписывали всем пабам 17 марта закрываться!
    Теперь же на главных улицах Дублина проходят
    праздничные шествия, в пабах играет живая музыка.
    Жители города надевают рыжие парики и зеленые
    кепки, которые продаются в магазинах, берут с
    собой горшочки с клевером (один из символов
    Ирландии – четырехлистный клевер) и
    национальные флаги. А вечером устраивают
    фейерверки и салюты. Праздник всегда проходит в
    безудержном веселье.

    В День Святого Патрика листочками клевера
    украшают выпечку, в форме листьев клевера делают
    приглашения на вечеринки, ожерелья и другие
    украшения. На вечеринке можно устроить игру,
    используя сделанные своими руками украшения из
    клевера. Пусть на каждом будет одето украшение в
    форме листьев клевера, но в течение вечера нельзя
    перекрещивать части своего тела (руки, ноги,
    пальцы). Если кто-то не выполнил это правило, то
    человек, заметивший нарушение, забирает себе
    украшение провинившегося. Победителем
    становится тот, у кого к концу вечеринки,
    набирается больше всего украшений.

    Учитель. Давайте вырежем из цветной бумаги
    трилистники клевера и соберём из них настоящее
    ирландское украшение. Соревнуемся, у кого
    украшение длиннее?

    Повесить украшения на доску. Поблагодарить
    победителей.

    Учитель: Существует много стихов о клевере —
    символе праздника. Каждая команда получает по
    стихотворению. Ваша задача прочитать эти стихи
    вслух. Оцениваются правильность и
    выразительность чтения.

    St. Patrick’s Day

    St. Patrick’s Day is here, you see.
    We’ll pick some shamrocks, one, two, and three.
    We’ll count the leaves and look them over,
    And maybe find a four-leafed clover.

    I’ll sew green buttons on my vest;
    Green for St. Patrick is the best.
    I’ll wear a green hat, very high,
    And dance a jig—at least I’ll try!

    Five Little Shamrocks

    One green shamrock, in the morning dew;
    Another one sprouted;
    And then there were two.
    Two green shamrocks, growing ‘neath the tree,
    Another one sprouted;
    And then there were three.
    Three green shamrocks, by the cottage door,
    Another one sprouted;
    And then there were four.
    Four green shamrocks, near a beehive;
    Another one sprouted;
    And then there were five.
    Five little shamrocks, bright and emerald
    Five little shamrocks, bright and emerald green,
    Think of all the luck these shamrocks will bring

    I’m looking over a four leaf clover.

    I’m looking over a four leaf clover
    That I overlooked before.
    One leaf is sunshine,
    The second is rain,
    Third is the rose
    That grows in the lane.

    No need explaining
    The one remaining
    Is somebody I adoure.
    I’m looking over a four leaf clover
    That I overlooked before

    Учитель. У Дня святого Патрика есть и
    языческие мотивы. Так, одним из его непременных
    героев являются лепреконы — сказочные
    башмачники, владеющие спрятанным горшком с
    золотом. Если удачливому искателю сокровищ
    удастся поймать лепрекона, то это существо
    должно рассказать человеку, где спрятаны его
    сокровища. Впрочем, если вы вдруг поймаете
    башмачника, то помните, что полностью верить ему
    не следует, — эти человечки злокозненны и
    проказливы и легко могут обмануть доверчивого
    искателя сокровищ. На рисунках лепреконы, как
    правило, одеты в остроконечную шляпу и кожаный
    фартук.

    The little people of Ireland.

    An Irish legend.

    Leprechauns have also become self-appointed guardians of ancient treasure (left by the
    Danes when they marauded through Ireland), buring it in crocks or pots. This may be one
    reason why leprechauns tend to avoid contact with humans whom they regard as foolish,
    flighty (and greedy?) creatures. If caught by a mortal, he will promise great wealth if
    allowed to go free. He carries two leather pouches. In one there is a silver shilling, a
    magical coin that returns to the purse each time it is paid out. In the other he carries a
    gold coin which he uses to try and bribe his way out of difficult situations. This coin
    usually turns to leaves or ashes once the leprechaun has parted with it. However you must
    not take your eye off him, for he can vanish in an instant.

    Учитель. В Ирландии поют песню, посвящённую
    этому волшебному существу. Давайте послушаем её
    и подпоём.

    Leprechaun.

    I’m looking for a leprechaun,
    Leprechaun, leprechaun.
    I’m looking for a leprechaun,
    Do you know where he’s gone?

    He wears a suit that’s made of green,
    Made of green, made of green,
    He wears a suit that’s made of green,
    Do you know where he’s gone?

    He lives by a rainbow and hides his gold,
    Hides his gold, hides his gold,
    He lives by a rainbow and hides his gold,
    Do you know where he’s gone?

    If you see a leprechaun,
    Leprechaun, leprechaun,
    If you see a leprechaun,
    Please tell me where he’s gone!

    Учитель: Следующий конкурс: кто быстрее
    раскрасит картинку лепрекона? Каждой команде
    выдаётся по одной картинке и фломастеры или
    цветные карандаши. <Рисунок 1>.

    Учитель. А теперь – игра в скрамбл! Составьте
    из букв слова, связанные с праздником. Команды
    получают карточки со следующими заданиями. <Рисунок 2>.

    Учитель. Чтобы удача сопутствовала вам,
    найдите дорогу к листку клевера. <Рисунок
    3>.

    Учитель: И последнее задание – решите
    кроссворд. Вам даётся на это 7 минут. <Рисунок
    4>.

    Учитель: Thank you for your work. Now you know a lot about St. Patrick’s
    Day and you are real Irelands!

    Ответы к заданиям. <Рисунок 5>,
    <Рисунок 6>.

    Использованные источники:

    1. http://englishforkids.ru
    2. http://patrick.spb.ru
    3. http://www.alleng.ru
    4. http://hometown.aol.com/KidFun101/KidsParties/HolidayFunPg8Pat.html

    St. Patrick’s Day has no shortage of iconography, but for those who celebrate on March 17 — which falls on a Tuesday in 2020 — one symbol stands above the rest: the shamrock.

    The holiday, which began centuries ago as the feast day of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, has become a day in which everyone gets to be Irish — in part by piling on the shamrock gear, and maybe even picking up a “Shamrock Shake” at McDonald’s. (The treat is currently celebrating its 50th anniversary, a representative for the brand told TIME.) The phenomenal global popularity of the festival is largely a result of the United States’ adoption of it. “There’s nothing really Irish about it now,” Patrick Griffin, a history professor at Notre Dame told TIME in 2015. But while the modern version of the Irish holiday may have strayed from its roots, the shamrock is authentically Irish in nature.

    “It’s a national emblem,” says Mike Cronin, a historian, professor and the academic director of Boston College’s program in Dublin.

    The three-leaf clover, a type of trefoil plant, has been considered the unofficial national flower of Ireland for centuries. Irish legend says that Saint Patrick used the shamrock as an educational symbol to explain the Holy Trinity to nonbelievers as he converted the Irish to Christianity in the fourth century. This folklore solidified in the public conscience in the centuries after Patrick’s death (which is presumed to have happened on March 17). Around the 17th century, Cronin says, the shamrock’s importance began to converge with religious celebration of the saint’s feast day: Those living in poverty still wanted to look nice at church, and luckily for them, an appropriate adornment was growing on the ground outside their homes.

    Eventually, the tradition of wearing the shamrock continued to catch on more widely.

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    The Irish botanist and cleric Caleb Threlkeld wrote a treatise on Ireland’s native plants in 1726 that explained the shamrock as the country’s national symbol, and asserted its significance in the context of St. Patrick’s Day. Threlkeld wrote: “This Plant is worn by the People in their Hats upon the 17. Day of March yearly, (which is called St. Patrick’s Day.)” Continuing to explain why the plant was relevant that day, specifically, Threlkeld said, “It being a Current Tradition, that by this Three Leafed Grass, he emblematically set forth to them the Mystery of the Holy Trinity.” (The writer then goes on to remark on the “debauchery” and “excess in liquor” that was partaken in on that sacred day.)

    When a wave of Irish immigrants came to the U.S. in the 18th century, there were no shamrocks growing in New York or Boston or San Francisco. So, while they celebrated their heritage with parties and parades, they substituted the color green and images of the shamrock for the plant itself.

    The first U.S. St. Patrick’s Day parade was celebrated in Boston in the 1760s, according to Samantha Bradbeer, historian and archivist for Hallmark. So when Hallmark looked to honor St. Patrick’s Day in the 1920s, the design they should use on their greeting cards was clear. “The most popular symbol was the shamrock,” Bradbeer told TIME in an email. The company actually started with postcards of shamrocks in 1910-1915, before making official cards for the holiday itself, she says.

    With the plant established as a symbol of Ireland, Irish brands caught on and helped spread the idea around the world. Irish airline Aer Lingus, for example, adopted the shamrock as its logo. Even when the company rebranded this January, its CEO made clear that the shamrock wasn’t going anywhere. “The Irish emblem has been at the heart of the Aer Lingus brand for more than 80 years, and it will continue to sit proudly across all of our aircraft,” he said in a statement.

    The shamrock remains one of the most popular symbols used on Hallmark products and cards for St. Patrick’s Day, and of course, Bradbeer says, all of the products focus on the color green. The Greeting Card Association cites St. Patrick’s Day as the ninth-largest card-sending holiday in the U.S., and Bradbeer says approximately 7 million cards are expected to be exchanged this year.

    Though Cronin says the way we regard the shamrock as a symbol of St. Patrick’s Day has lost its religious meaning, it seems that the value of the shamrock itself is not going anywhere.

    Correction, March 15, 2019

    The original version of this story misstated the location of the first U.S. St. Patrick’s Day parade. It was Boston, not New York.

    Write to Rachel E. Greenspan at rachel.greenspan@time.com.

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