Масленица история праздника на английском

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Maslenitsa
Maslenitsa, Boris Kustodiev, 1919 (Isaak Brodsky Museum, St. Petersburg)
Also called	Butter Week, Crepe week, Cheesefare Week, Syropust, Kolodiya, Masnytsia
Observed by	Eastern Slavs mostly Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, as well as Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian diaspora communities
Type	Ethnic
Significance	seeing off winter last week before Great Lent
Celebrations	making blini (pancakes), making visits, sleigh rides, dressing up, bonfires, snowball fights, the capture of the Snow Fortress, burning of the Maslenitsa Scarecrow, In Ukraine and Belarus: eating varenyky with cottage cheese
2022 date	27 February to 6 March
2023 date	20 February to 26 February
Frequency	annual
Related to	Mardi Gras

Maslenitsa (Belarusian: Масленіца, Russian: Мaсленица, Rusyn: Пущаня, Ukrainian: Масниця; also known as Butter Lady, Butter Week, Crepe week, or Cheesefare Week) is an Eastern Slavic religious and folk holiday, which has retained a number of elements of Slavic mythology in its ritual, celebrated during the last week before Great Lent, that is, the eighth week before Eastern Orthodox Pascha.

The date of Maslenitsa changes every year, depending on the date of the celebration of Easter. It corresponds to the Western Christian Carnival, except that Orthodox Lent begins on a Monday instead of a Wednesday, and the Orthodox date of Easter can differ greatly from the Western Christian date.

The traditional attributes of the Maslenitsa celebration are the Maslenitsa effigy, sleigh rides, festivities. Russians bake bliny and flatbread, while Belarusians and Ukrainians cook pierogi and syrniki.

Traditions[edit]

According to archeological evidence from 2nd century A.D. Maslenitsa may be the oldest surviving Slavic holiday.^[1]
In the Christian tradition, Maslenitsa is the last week before the onset of Great Lent.^[2]

During the week of Maslenitsa, meat is already forbidden to Orthodox Christians, and it is the last week during which eggs, milk, cheese and other dairy products are permitted, leading to its name of «Cheese-fare week» or «Crepe week». The most characteristic food of Maslenitsa is bliny — thin pancakes or crêpes, made from the rich foods still allowed by the Orthodox tradition that week: butter, eggs and milk.

Since Lent excludes parties, secular music, dancing and other distractions from spiritual life, Maslenitsa represents the last chance to take part in social activities that are not appropriate during the more prayerful, sober and introspective Lenten season.^[1]

In some regions, each day of Maslenitsa had its traditional activity. Monday may be the welcoming of «Lady Maslenitsa». The community builds the Maslenitsa effigy out of straw (из соломы), decorated with pieces of rags, and fixed to a pole formerly known as Kostroma. It is paraded around, and the first pancakes may be made and offered to the poor. On Tuesday, young men might search for a fiancée to marry after Lent. On Wednesday, sons-in-law may visit their mother-in-law, who has prepared pancakes and invited other guests for a party. Thursday may be devoted to outdoor activities. People may take off work and spend the day sledding, ice skating, snowball fights and with sleigh rides. On Friday, sons-in-law may invite their mothers-in-law for dinner. Saturday may be a gathering of a young wife with her sisters-in-law to work on a good relationship.

Sunday of Forgiveness[edit]

The last day of Cheesefare Week is called «Forgiveness Sunday» (Прощёное воскресенье). Relatives and friends ask each other for forgiveness and might offer them small presents. As the culmination of the celebration, people gather to «strip Lady Maslenitsa of her finery» and burn her in a bonfire. Left-over pancakes may also be thrown into the fire, and Lady Maslenitsa’s ashes are buried in the snow to «fertilize the crops».^[3]

At Vespers on Sunday evening, people may make a poklon (bow) before one another and ask forgiveness. Another name for Forgiveness Sunday is «Cheesefare Sunday», because for devout Orthodox Christians it is the last day on which dairy products may be consumed until Easter. Fish, wine and olive oil will also be forbidden on most days of Great Lent. The day following Cheesefare Sunday is called Clean Monday, because people have confessed their sins, asked forgiveness, and begun Great Lent with a clean slate.^{[citation needed]}

Modern times[edit]

During Soviet times, Maslenitsa, like other religious holidays, was not celebrated officially. However, it was widely observed in families without its religious significance, as an opportunity to prepare crêpes with all sorts of fillings and coverings and to eat and share them with friends. After the start of perestroika, the outdoor celebrations resumed, although they were seen by some as an artificial restoration of a dead tradition. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many Russians have returned to practicing Christianity, the tradition is still being revived.^{[citation needed]}

With increasing secularization, many Russians do not abstain from meat and Maslenitsa celebrations can be accompanied by shashlik vendors. Nevertheless, «meat still does not play a major role in the festivities».^[1]

Many countries with a significant number of Russian immigrants consider Maslenitsa a suitable occasion to celebrate Russian culture, although the celebrations are usually reduced to one day and may not coincide with the date of the religious celebrations.^{[citation needed]}

On 20 March 2017, the British tabloid newspaper Daily Mirror painted the Maslenitsa as a Hooligan training ground. One of the centuries-old traditions in this folk festival is «wall-on-wall» (‘stenka na stenku’, Ru), which involves sparring between men dressed in traditional folk clothes. This tradition was misrepresented by the Mirror in pictures and text as a collective act of violence without providing context about the Russian traditional festival. The Mirror article was titled «Russia’s Ultra yobs infiltrated amid warnings England fans could be KILLED at World Cup», and was received negatively by the Russian media, which described it as fake news.^[4][5]

Gallery[edit]

• 

  K. Kryzhanovsky. Sunday of Forgiveness, 19th century.

• 

  Scenery at Celebration of Maslenitsa

• 

  Maslenitsa celebrations in Kharkiv, 2014.

See also[edit]

• Candlemas
• Slavic carnival
• Fašiangy (in Slovakia)
• Rio Carnival (in Brazil)
• Carnaval (in the Netherlands)
• Fat Thursday (in Poland)
• Mardi Gras (in other countries)
• Mărţişor (in Romania and Moldova)
• Marzanna (in Poland)
• Meteņi (in Latvia)
• Patras Carnival (in Greece)
• Tsiknopempti
• Shrove Tuesday or «Pancake Day» (in the United Kingdom and Ireland)
• Petrushka (ballet)
• Užgavėnės (in Lithuania)
• Farsang (Hungarian carnival)^{[6][circular reference]}
• Shrovetide

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Lives of the Saints The Orthodox Church in America, undated.
• Marks, Gil (2010). Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. Wiley. pp. 56–58. ISBN 9780470943540. Retrieved April 18, 2012. ISBN 9780470391303

Сочинение на тему “Масленица” на английском языке с переводом на русский язык

Maslenitsa

Maslenitsa is a traditional Russian festival. It doesn’t have a fixed date but happens a week before the Great Lent. Even though Maslenitsa originates from pagan festivities it has naturally blended with Orthodox traditions. It celebrates the end of winter and the beginning of spring. The main treatment during the Maslenitsa week is blini that symbolize sun.

Blini are round and thin pancakes made of special dough. They are served with different fillings like caviar, sour crème, herring or other salt fish, as well as with jam or condensed milk or chocolate butter. It depends on individual family traditions and fantasy.

Historically the Maslenitsa week was divided in two parts. The first three days was a so called Small Maslenitsa when men and women would still be engaged in working, cleaning, cooking, building a snow fortress. On Thursday a Big Maslenitsa would begin, when everybody stopped working and started having fun. There were snow fights, songs and of course treatment. It was the last opportunity to eat meat or to party, as those things were strictly forbidden and inappropriate during the Great Lent. It is still true for those who believe in God and go to Orthodox church.

Today many of the traditions are gone. But there are still snow fights and blini. And also on Sunday you can always witness or even participate in burning a straw puppet that embodies Winter and its end. Maslenitsa is a bright and entertaining holiday that has a long history and keeps reminding us about our origins.

Перевод:

Масленица

Масленица – традиционный русский праздник. У нет него фиксированной даты, но он бывает за неделю до Великого поста. Несмотря на то, что Масленица – языческий праздник, он очень органично вписался в православные традиции. Праздник прославляет конец зимы и начало весны. Главное угощение в масленичную неделю – блины, символизирующие солнце.

Блины – круглые и тонкие оладьи, которые пекутся из особого теста. Их подают с различными начинками, например с икрой, сметаной, селедкой или другой соленой рыбой, а также с вареньем, сгущенным молоком или шоколадным маслом – все зависит от семейных традиций и фантазии.

Раньше масленичная неделя делилась на две части. Первые три – это так называемая Малая масленица, когда мужчины и женщины еще работали, убирались, готовили, строили снежную крепость. С четверга начиналась Широкая масленица, когда все прекращали работать и начинались гулянья: снежные бои, песни и, конечно, угощение. Это была последняя возможность поесть мяса и повеселиться, потому что это возбранялось и считалось неприличным во время Великого поста, что справедливо для православных верующих людей и сегодня.

Сейчас многие традиции уже не соблюдаются. Но до сих пор можно поучаствовать в нежном бою и поесть блинов. А в воскресенье посмотреть или даже поучаствовать в сожжении чучела, олицетворяющего зиму и ее конец. Масленица – яркий и веселый праздник с долгой историей, который не дает забывать о наших корнях.

Автор – Дарья Царева

9

Maslenitsa

The tradition of Maslenitsa dates back to pagan times, when Russian folk would bid farewell to winter and welcome spring. This holiday combines pagan and Christian beliefs of the Russian people.

On the pagan side, Maslenitsa marked the welcoming of spring, and was all about the enlivening of nature and bounty of sunny warmth. On the Christian side, Maslenitsa was the last week before the onset of Lent (fasting which precedes Easter), giving the last chance to bask in worldly delights.

The name of the holiday, Maslenitsa (derived from maslo, which means butter or oil in Russian) owes its existence to the tradition of baking pancakes (or blini , in Russian). They are essential to the celebration of Maslenitsa. Hot, round, and golden pancakes embody the sun’s grace and might, helping to warm up the frozen earth. In old days pancakes were cooked from buckwheat flour, and it gave them a red color, making the significance even more evident.

At Maslenitsa pancakes are cooked in very large quantities to be used in almost every ritual, they are given to friends and family all through the week. Pancakes are served with caviar , mushrooms, jam, sour cream, and of course, lots of butter.

During this holiday people are involved into many activities. Children and grown-ups assemble a Maslenitsa doll out of straw and old woman’s clothes. They place it on a pole and go dancing around it. The climax of the holiday week is burning the effigy, which takes place on Sunday, the Forgiveness Day. After it has turned to ashes, young people would walk over the fire, marking the end of the Maslenitsa festivities.

Масленица

Традиции Масленицы восходит к языческим временам, когда русские люди прощались с зимой и встречали весну. Этот праздник объединяет в себе языческие и христианские верования русского народа.

Согласно языческим верованиям, Масленица отмечается как приветствие весны, ожидания оживления природы и щедрости солнечного тепла. С христианской стороны, Масленица была последней неделей перед началом Великого поста (поста, который предшествует Пасхе), и давала последний шанс наслаждаться мирскими радостями.

Название праздника, Масленица (происходит от слова «масло») и связано с существованием традиции выпечки блинов. Они имеют важное значение для празднования Масленицы. Горячие, круглые и золотистые блинчики воплощают благодать солнца и помогают разогреть замерзшую землю. В старину блины готовили из гречневой муки, и это дало им красный цвет, что делало их значение еще более очевидным.

На Масленицу блины готовят в очень больших количествах, так как они используются почти в каждом ритуале; их дают своим друзьям и семье всю неделю. Блины подаются с икрой, грибами, вареньем, сметаной, и, конечно же, с большим количеством сливочного масла.

Во время этого праздника люди участвуют во многих мероприятиях. Дети и взрослые изготавливают куклу Масленицы из соломы и старой женской одежды. Они помещают её на шесте и танцуют вокруг неё. Кульминацией праздничной недели становится сожжение чучела, которое проходит в Прощеное воскресенье. После того как оно превращается в пепел, молодые люди ходят по костру, отмечая конец Масленичных торжеств.

История Масленицы

Этот топик расскажет туристам или иностранным друзьям о самом возникновении праздника.

Рассказ о Масленице на английском языке содержит особенности истории, которые знают только православные русские верующие.

Традиционные блюда

Большинство людей любят вкусно и плотно покушать – особенно во время застолья или праздника.

Рассказ про Масленицу на английском языке поведает о меню на все приёмы пищи во время недели перед Великим Постом.

Обычаи во время Комоедицы

В этом тексте содержится краткое описание традиций праздника Масленица на английском языке (с переводом) .

Один из самых долгожданных и любимых праздников на Руси – Масленица.

Народ развлекается, ест вкусные кушанья, ходит в гости и устраивает гулянья. Но это веселье заканчивается с приходом Великого 48-дневного Поста.