Официальные праздники москвы

Год основания:
1147 г.

Москва — столица с богатой историей (Фото: Michael Mihin, по лицензии Shutterstock.com)

Москва – столица Российской Федерации. Город находится в центре европейской части России, в междуречье Оки и Волги, на обоих берегах реки Москвы. Это крупнейший русскоязычный город в мире и лучший мегаполис мира по качеству жизни и развитию инфраструктуры (оценка экспертов ООН, 2022).

Первое упоминание о Москве встречается в Ипатьевской летописи. Зафиксировано, что в 1147 году князь Юрий Долгорукий встречал на ее месте Новгород-Северского князя Святослава.

Город не сразу получил столичный лоск. Сначала Москва была провинцией на окраине Владимиро-Суздальского княжества, затем пригородом Владимира.

Во время монгольского нашествия на Русь, в 1238 году город был разграблен монголо-татарами. Но вскоре Москва возглавляет борьбу с Золотой Ордой и после свержения татаро-монгольского ига становится центром отдельного княжества, а затем и столицей Московской Руси.

^{Храм Василия Блаженного (Фото: MACHKAZU, по лицензии Shutterstock.com)}

В 1314 году начинается строительство Московского Кремля. С начала 14 века в Москве располагалась резиденция Великих Московских князей и даже когда в 18 веке столица была перенесена в Санкт-Петербург, короновали императоров по-прежнему в Москве.

Город стремительно растет. За два столетия в него уже входили такие районы, как Китай-город, Белый город, Ямская, Мещанская и Немецкая слобода. В 1755 году основан Московский университет.

^{Большой театр (Фото: Daniel Korzeniewski, по лицензии Shutterstock.com)}

Во время Отечественной войны 1812 года Москва была сожжена и отдана армии Наполеона. В память о победе в этой войне в столице был построен Храм Христа Спасителя. Взорванный в советское время, храм ныне восстановлен.

После революции 1917 года Москва становится столицей РСФСР, а с 1922 года и СССР. В 1935 году открылась первая линия метрополитена.

^{Храм Христа Спасителя (Фото: Tatiana Popova, по лицензии Shutterstock.com)}

Первая победа за время Второй мировой войны состоялась именно под Москвой. Зимой 1941–1942 годов в битве под Москвой немецкие оккупанты были остановлены и отброшены.

24 июня 1945 года на Красной площади состоялся Парад Победы под командованием Рокоссовского. Следующий парад провели лишь спустя 20 лет, и с тех пор это стало ежегодной традицией. В 1965 году Москве было присвоено почётное звание «Город-Герой».

В августе 1991 года в городе произошёл Августовский путч, который ознаменовал окончание советской эпохи.

^{Главное здание Московского государственного университета (Фото: Dontsov Evgeny, по лицензии Shutterstock.com)}

В 1995 году был открыт мемориальный комплекс на Поклонной горе, а затем станция метро «Парк Победы», ставшая самой глубокой в Московском метрополитене.

Достопримечательности города тесно связаны с его историей. В первую очередь, это центр Москвы: Московский Кремль, по часам его Спасской башни вся страна сверяет время.

Знаменита Красная площадь, на ней храм Василия Блаженного, памятник Минину и Пожарскому, Исторический музей, мавзолей Ленина. Любители живописи посетят Третьяковскую галерею, театралы — Большой театр.

^{По оценке экспертов ООН, Москва — лучший мегаполис мира по качеству жизни и развитию инфраструктуры на 2022 год (Фото: Pavel L Photo and Video, по лицензии Shutterstock.com)}

Интересно, что слово «Москва», вероятно, происходит от древнерусского «вязкий, топкий».

К 2022 году население Москвы составило более 12,6 млн. человек.

Впервые День города столица отметила в свое 800-летие (в 1947 году), но не в апреле, как по Ипатьевской летописи, а в сентябре. С тех пор праздник стал традиционным, он проходит в первые или вторые выходные сентября, и к нему приурочено проведение всевозможных праздничных мероприятий, по всему городу проходят народные гуляния и концерты.

Какие дни в 2023 году нерабочие и сокращенные. Какой производственный календарь утвержден на 2023 год. Сколько выходных и праздничных дней в январе, феврале, марте, мае, июне и ноябре. Как совместить отпуск и праздники

Каждый раз на крупные праздники в Москву приезжают сотни тысяч туристов со всех концов России и других стран, ведь это время, когда столица по-настоящему расцветает. В честь знаменательных дат проводятся различные фестивали и акции, к ним приурочены концерты звезд. Причем большинство интересных событий проходит прямо на городских улицах и увидеть их, а то и принять участие можно совершенно бесплатно. В 2023 году все праздники в Москве тоже станут насыщенными и яркими.

Конечно, самое главное событие для российской столицы — ее день рождения. День города Москвы проходит в сентябрьские выходные. Оригинальные шоу и театральные представления, ярмарки со вкусным угощением, конкурсы, мастер-классы и выступления музыкантов и, конечно, фееричные салюты — фестивальные площадки открывается в эти дни по всему центру и не только там. В Новый год в Москве тоже ждут на праздники жителей столицы и ее гостей. Фестиваль «Путешествие в Рождество«, к примеру, регулярно входит в список самых посещаемых событий среди горожан. В канун Пасхи открывается фестиваль «Пасхальный дар», 12 июня столица вместе со всей страной торжественно отмечает День России, весенние эмоции и отличное настроение дарят и майские выходные.

В нашем разделе — все о том, как пройдут праздники в Москве в 2023 году. Куда сходить, что в первую очередь посмотреть и чем заняться: наш путеводитель по городским мероприятиям.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is the list of official public holidays recognized by the Government of Russia. On these days, government offices, embassies and some shops, are closed. If the date of observance falls on a weekend, the following Monday will be a day off in lieu of the holiday.

Major national holidays[edit]

New Year Holiday[edit]

In addition to New Year’s Day (Новый год, Novy god) on 1 January, 2–5 January are public holidays as well,^[1][2] called New Year holiday (новогодние каникулы, novogodniye kanikuly). The holiday includes 6 and 8 January, with Christmas being 7 January, declared as non-working days by law. Until 2005, only 1 and 2 January were public holidays.^[3]

Orthodox Christmas day[edit]

Christmas in Russia (Рождество Христово, Rozhdestvo Khristovo) is celebrated on 25 December (Julian calendar) which falls on 7 January (Gregorian calendar) and commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. The public holiday was re-established in 1991, following the decades of suppression of religion and state atheism of the Soviet Union.

Defender of the Fatherland Day[edit]

The Defender of the Fatherland Day (День защитника Отечествa, Den zashchitnika Otechestva) is celebrated on 23 February and is dedicated to veterans and service personnel of the Russian Armed Forces, though it is often colloquially known as Men’s Day (День Мужчин, Den’ Muzhchin) and commonly treated as a celebration of all men. The holiday was established in 1918 as it is connected to the decree published that day by the Council of People’s Commissars that formalized the official raising of the Red Army.

International Women’s Day[edit]

On the eve of World War I campaigning for peace, Russian women observed their first International Women’s Day on the last Sunday in February 1913. In 1913 following discussions, International Women’s Day was transferred to 8 March and has remained the global date for International Women’s Day ever since.

Spring and Labour Day[edit]

In the former Soviet Union, 1 May was International Workers’ Day and was celebrated with huge parades in cities like Moscow. Though the celebrations are low-key nowadays, several groups march on that day to protest grievances the workers have. Since 1992, May Day is officially called «The Day of Spring and Labour».

Victory Day[edit]

On 9 May, Russia celebrates the victory over Nazi Germany, while remembering those who died in order to achieve it. On 9 May 1945 (by Moscow time) the German military surrendered to the Soviet Union and the Allies of World War II in Berlin (Karlshorst). Victory Day (День Победы, Den Pobedy) is by far one of the biggest Russian holidays. It commemorates those who died in World War II and pays tribute to survivors and veterans. Flowers and wreaths are laid on wartime graves and special parties and concerts are organized for veterans. In the evening there is a firework display. A large ground and air military parade, hosted by the President of the Russian Federation, is annually organized in Moscow on Red Square. Similar ground, air and marine (if possible) parades are organized in several other Russian cities (which are Hero Cities or have military districts or fleet headquarters primarily).

Russia Day[edit]

Russia Day (День России, Den Rossii) is celebrated on June 12. On this day, in 1991, the Russian parliament formally declared Russian sovereignty from the Soviet Union. The holiday was officially established in 1992.

Initially it was named Day of the Adoption of the Declaration of Sovereignty of the Russian Federation, then on 1 February 2002 it was officially renamed to Russia Day (in 1998 Boris Yeltsin offered this name socially).

In Russian society there is a misconception that this holiday is also called «Russia’s Independence Day», but it never has had such a name in official documents. According to a survey by Levada Center in May 2009, 44% of respondents named the holiday as «Independence Day of Russia».

Unity Day[edit]

Unity Day (День народного единства, Den narodnogo edinstva) was first celebrated on 4 November 2005, commemorating the popular uprising led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky which ejected Polish invaders from Moscow in November 1612, and more generally the end of Time of Troubles and foreign intervention in Russia. The event was marked by a public holiday which was held in Russia on 22 October (Old Style) from 1649 till 1917. Its name alludes to the idea that all the classes of Russian society willingly united to preserve Russian statehood when its demise seemed inevitable, even though there was neither a Tsar nor Patriarch to guide them. Most observers view this as an attempted replacement to counter Communist demonstrations on 7 November, which mark the anniversary of the October Revolution. National Unity Day is also known as Consolidation Day (as an alternative translation), which people in Russia celebrate between 3-4 November.

List of other public holidays, commemorative and professional days[edit]

Popular holidays which are not public holidays[edit]

• New Year according to Julian Calendar on January 14
• Tatiana Day (Students Day) on January 25
• Valentine’s Day on February 14
• Maslenitsa (a week before the Great Lent) Start date changes every year, depending on the beginning of the Great Lent (in 2022: 27 February to 6 March)
• Internal Troops and National Guard Servicemen’s Day on March 27
• Annunciation on April 7
• Pascha (floating Sunday between April 4 and May
• Cosmonautics Day on April 12
• Soviet Air Defense Forces Day on the Second Sunday of April
• Russian State Fire Service Day on April 30
• Radio Day on May 7
• Saints Cyril and Methodius’ Day on May 24 (also Slavonic Literature and Culture Day)
• Border Guards Day on May 28, celebrating the anniversary of the Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation
• Ivan Kupala Day on July 7 (should be 24 June, St. John’s Day and Summer Solistice, but shifted due to Julian calendar usage)
• Day of Remembrance and Sorrow on 22 June, marking the start of Operation Barbarossa — the Nazi invasion of the USSR
• Paratroopers’ Day on August 2
• Apple Feast of the Saviour on August 19 (also the Great Feast of the Transfiguration of Jesus)
• Great Feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God on August 28
• Knowledge Day on September 1 (traditionally, the first day of school)
• Day of Tankmen on the Second Sunday of September
• Father’s Day on the third Sunday of October
• October Revolution Day on November 7
• Mother’s Day on the last Sunday of November
• Naval Infantry Day on November 27
• (Western) Christmas Day on December 25

See also[edit]

• Public holidays in the Soviet Union
• Days of Military Honour

References[edit]

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is the list of official public holidays recognized by the Government of Russia. On these days, government offices, embassies and some shops, are closed. If the date of observance falls on a weekend, the following Monday will be a day off in lieu of the holiday.

Major national holidays[edit]

New Year Holiday[edit]

In addition to New Year’s Day (Новый год, Novy god) on 1 January, 2–5 January are public holidays as well,^[1][2] called New Year holiday (новогодние каникулы, novogodniye kanikuly). The holiday includes 6 and 8 January, with Christmas being 7 January, declared as non-working days by law. Until 2005, only 1 and 2 January were public holidays.^[3]

Orthodox Christmas day[edit]

Christmas in Russia (Рождество Христово, Rozhdestvo Khristovo) is celebrated on 25 December (Julian calendar) which falls on 7 January (Gregorian calendar) and commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. The public holiday was re-established in 1991, following the decades of suppression of religion and state atheism of the Soviet Union.

Defender of the Fatherland Day[edit]

The Defender of the Fatherland Day (День защитника Отечествa, Den zashchitnika Otechestva) is celebrated on 23 February and is dedicated to veterans and service personnel of the Russian Armed Forces, though it is often colloquially known as Men’s Day (День Мужчин, Den’ Muzhchin) and commonly treated as a celebration of all men. The holiday was established in 1918 as it is connected to the decree published that day by the Council of People’s Commissars that formalized the official raising of the Red Army.

International Women’s Day[edit]

On the eve of World War I campaigning for peace, Russian women observed their first International Women’s Day on the last Sunday in February 1913. In 1913 following discussions, International Women’s Day was transferred to 8 March and has remained the global date for International Women’s Day ever since.

Spring and Labour Day[edit]

In the former Soviet Union, 1 May was International Workers’ Day and was celebrated with huge parades in cities like Moscow. Though the celebrations are low-key nowadays, several groups march on that day to protest grievances the workers have. Since 1992, May Day is officially called «The Day of Spring and Labour».

Victory Day[edit]

On 9 May, Russia celebrates the victory over Nazi Germany, while remembering those who died in order to achieve it. On 9 May 1945 (by Moscow time) the German military surrendered to the Soviet Union and the Allies of World War II in Berlin (Karlshorst). Victory Day (День Победы, Den Pobedy) is by far one of the biggest Russian holidays. It commemorates those who died in World War II and pays tribute to survivors and veterans. Flowers and wreaths are laid on wartime graves and special parties and concerts are organized for veterans. In the evening there is a firework display. A large ground and air military parade, hosted by the President of the Russian Federation, is annually organized in Moscow on Red Square. Similar ground, air and marine (if possible) parades are organized in several other Russian cities (which are Hero Cities or have military districts or fleet headquarters primarily).

Russia Day[edit]

Russia Day (День России, Den Rossii) is celebrated on June 12. On this day, in 1991, the Russian parliament formally declared Russian sovereignty from the Soviet Union. The holiday was officially established in 1992.

Initially it was named Day of the Adoption of the Declaration of Sovereignty of the Russian Federation, then on 1 February 2002 it was officially renamed to Russia Day (in 1998 Boris Yeltsin offered this name socially).

In Russian society there is a misconception that this holiday is also called «Russia’s Independence Day», but it never has had such a name in official documents. According to a survey by Levada Center in May 2009, 44% of respondents named the holiday as «Independence Day of Russia».

Unity Day[edit]

Unity Day (День народного единства, Den narodnogo edinstva) was first celebrated on 4 November 2005, commemorating the popular uprising led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky which ejected Polish invaders from Moscow in November 1612, and more generally the end of Time of Troubles and foreign intervention in Russia. The event was marked by a public holiday which was held in Russia on 22 October (Old Style) from 1649 till 1917. Its name alludes to the idea that all the classes of Russian society willingly united to preserve Russian statehood when its demise seemed inevitable, even though there was neither a Tsar nor Patriarch to guide them. Most observers view this as an attempted replacement to counter Communist demonstrations on 7 November, which mark the anniversary of the October Revolution. National Unity Day is also known as Consolidation Day (as an alternative translation), which people in Russia celebrate between 3-4 November.

List of other public holidays, commemorative and professional days[edit]

Popular holidays which are not public holidays[edit]

• New Year according to Julian Calendar on January 14
• Tatiana Day (Students Day) on January 25
• Valentine’s Day on February 14
• Maslenitsa (a week before the Great Lent) Start date changes every year, depending on the beginning of the Great Lent (in 2022: 27 February to 6 March)
• Internal Troops and National Guard Servicemen’s Day on March 27
• Annunciation on April 7
• Pascha (floating Sunday between April 4 and May
• Cosmonautics Day on April 12
• Soviet Air Defense Forces Day on the Second Sunday of April
• Russian State Fire Service Day on April 30
• Radio Day on May 7
• Saints Cyril and Methodius’ Day on May 24 (also Slavonic Literature and Culture Day)
• Border Guards Day on May 28, celebrating the anniversary of the Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation
• Ivan Kupala Day on July 7 (should be 24 June, St. John’s Day and Summer Solistice, but shifted due to Julian calendar usage)
• Day of Remembrance and Sorrow on 22 June, marking the start of Operation Barbarossa — the Nazi invasion of the USSR
• Paratroopers’ Day on August 2
• Apple Feast of the Saviour on August 19 (also the Great Feast of the Transfiguration of Jesus)
• Great Feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God on August 28
• Knowledge Day on September 1 (traditionally, the first day of school)
• Day of Tankmen on the Second Sunday of September
• Father’s Day on the third Sunday of October
• October Revolution Day on November 7
• Mother’s Day on the last Sunday of November
• Naval Infantry Day on November 27
• (Western) Christmas Day on December 25

See also[edit]

• Public holidays in the Soviet Union
• Days of Military Honour

References[edit]