Праздник курбан байрам дата 2020

 Курбан байрам один из самых почитаемых религиозных (исламских) праздников у мусульман, а говорит он о том, что каждый из православных ради своего Господа, то есть Аллаха, может и должен совершить при надобности жертвоприношение. 

Хадж завершится по традиции в 2020 году праздником жертвоприношения Курбан-Байрам (31 июля-2 августа), особо почитаемым в России, Башкортостане и Татарстане, других регионах с населением проповедующими исламскую религию — важным праздничным периодом для любого правоверного мусульманина, в том числе нашей страны.

Дата праздника Курбан-Байрам — с 31 июля по 2 августа

(Начало Хаджа — 27 июля)

С пятницы 31 июля и до воскресения 2 августа 2020 года будет проходить мусульманский праздник Курбан Байрам в России, Башкортостане, Татарстане, Дагестане, Чечне и остальных регионах страны, во время которого будут жертвовать во имя Аллаха жертвенным ягненком, праздновать его согласно тех традиций ислама, которые описаны для правоверных в Коране и других пособиях для этой веры. Важно понимать, что для мусульман это особенный праздник, к которому они относятся очень серьезно, а в нашей стране, тех мусульманских республиках, где проповедуется ислам, это официальные выходные дни (Башкирия, Татарстан, Ингушетия)…

Праздник Курбан-Байрам 2020 года в России, Башкортостане, Татарстане, дата, суть, когда начинается, число

Исламские праздники для правоверных мусульман — неотъемлемая часть их быта, верований и жизни. Их чтут и строго придерживаются вот уже на протяжении многих столетий, а сами они по своей сути за это время, практически не изменились, не претерпели каких-то кардинальных перемен.

Одним из основных исламских праздников у мусульман всего мира, который имеет для каждого истинного правоверного особо важное значение, является Курбан-Байрам (Ид аль-Адха).

Появился этот праздник еще много веков назад и у него имеются свои особые традиции празднования. В первую очередь — праздником Курбан-байрам заканчивается священный Хадж.

Отмечают же его по истечении 70 дней после исламского праздника Уразы-Байрам.

В тех странах мира, где проповедуется ислам – это обязательный выходной день. Накануне данного праздника мусульман — рабочий день сокращается на один час. В странах с другой религией — это простой рабочий день.

Курбан-Байрам — праздник жертвоприношения

Сейчас мы представим интересующимся и всем тем, кому любопытна религиозная тема, прежде всего, основными мусульманскими праздниками — таблицу, в которой отражены даты проведения праздников (дни начала и окончания), следующих праздничных дней для всего верующего исламского мира и в том числе России — Рамадан (Рамазан), Ураза Байрам (Праздник разговения, Ид-аль-Фитр), Хадж (Умра) и Курбан-Байрам (Ид аль-адха), на ближайшие годы… даты в ссылках таблицы

Праздник Курбан-Байрам 2020 года (суть)

В 2020 году Курбан-Байрам припадает на число 31 июля и будет праздноваться в России, Татарстане и Башкирии, а согласно лунному мусульманскому календарю, этот праздник приходится на десятое число месяца Зуль-Хиджа.

Название этого мусульманского праздника произошло из тюркского языка. Его применяют русскоязычные люди.

     — Корень слова Курбан обозначает в переводе с арабского языка — «приближение».

     — А байрам в переводе с арабского языка — «праздник».

В результате получается, что это приближение праздника жертвоприношения.

Смысл праздника Курбан-байрам заключается в приближении к богу, не как в заклании жертвенного барана, что некоторые подразумевают. worldluxrealty.com

Праздник жертвоприношения на арабском языке называют Ид аль-Адха, что означает — «жертвенный праздник».

Отмечают его по лунному календарю — на десятый день зуль-хиджа, когда паломники посещают священную Мекку. Праздновать Курбан-Байрам принято три дня.

Традиции Курбан-Байрам 2020 года

Следуя главным постулатам ислама, каждый верующий мусульманин обязан хотя бы один раз в жизни совершить паломничество в Мекку, самое священное для ислама место, расположенное на аравийском полуострове в арабской стране Саудовской Аравии.

Те, кто совершает Хадж в Мекку, у кого есть возможность поехать туда, накануне праздника должны посетить священную гору Арафат, где отмечают День стояния.

На протяжении целых суток мусульмане стоят у этой священной горы, проводя все это время в молитвах.

В этот день паломники должны совершить намаз и читать священную книгу Коран. На горе Арафат они должны заночевать, а после восхода солнца отправиться в Мину.

По принятой традиции таваф — Каабу следует обойти вокруг семь раз. Также правоверным необходимо совершить символическое бросание камней, чтобы отогнать Шайтана, так как это в свое время делал пророк Ибрахим со своим первенцем Исмаилом.

После данной процедуры (бросания камушков), и можно приступать к обряду жертвоприношения.

Многим мусульманам живущим по всему миру, их материальное положение не дает возможности каждый раз совершать паломничество в Мекку, принимать непосредственное участие в таком важном для мусульман религиозном празднике.

Ислам, в принципе и не настаивает делать ежегодный хадж, все зависит от финансовых возможностей верующих мусульман.

По канонам ислама, основную часть обряда желательно проводить везде, где пребывают люди, которые придерживаются исламу.

История праздника Курбан-Байрам 2020 года

Курбан-Байрам – один из самых почитаемых и отмечаемых в исламском мире праздников, а согласно Корану, его истоком принято считать события, которые в древности произошли с пророком Ибрахимом, его женой Хаджар и сыном Исмаилом.

К Ибрахиму явился ангел, который передал ему волю всевышнего Аллаха, а заключалась его воля в большой и тяжелой для Ибрахима жертве – он должен был произвести умерщвление своего сына Исмаила.

Ибрахим испытал большие душевные терзания, прежде чем решиться на такой отчаянный поступок. Но его святая вера в Аллаха и в справедливость Господа все же победила, и жизнь его сына не прервалась.

В самый судьбоносный момент нож, которым Ибрахим должен был умертвить своего сына затупился, потерял остроту и не смог нанести мальчику никакого вреда. Это объясняется тем, что Аллах увидев, насколько предан ему пророк Ибрахим и помиловал его сына.

После чего в жертву Ибрахим принес барана, а сам он был вознагражден Господом рождением второго сына. Именно из-за произошедших в те далекие времена и получил свое нынешнее название Курбан-Байрам, или по иному — праздник жертвоприношения.

Какого числа начинается Курбан-Байрам в 2020 году

В текущем 2020 году мусульманский праздник Курбан-Байрам будет отмечаться в России, Татарстане и Башкирии правоверными, в установленную дату и который будет продолжаться три дня.

До того, как начнется это священное празднество, мусульмане обязаны поститься на протяжении 10 дней.

Большинство блюд на эти дни праздника, конечно же, будут приготовлены из мяса жертвенного барашка. В этом вопросе есть определенные и давние традиции, как и строгий порядок.

В первый день Курбан-Байрама следует подавать многочисленным гостям блюда из внутренностей барашка, прежде всего — из печени и сердца.

Во второй день празднества подают жареное или тушеное мясо из баранины, а еще варят супы.

Наконец, в последующие третий и четвертый день празднества супы готовят уже из костей жертвенного барашка, а вторым блюдом предлагают плов, шашлык, тушеные ребрышки, плов и другие традиционные блюда мусульман.

Десерт же, как правило восточный, состоит из вкусных и сладких фруктов — арбуза, дыни, изюма, миндаля и прочих сладостей.

Накануне мусульманского (исламского) праздника Курбан-Байрам в 2020 году — будет праздноваться еще один значимый у мусульман день День Арафа.

В этот День предстояния — все правоверные обращаются в своих молитвах к Аллаху и читают Коран.

Мудрость Арафа заключена в объединении уммы, что означает — богатые и бедные, правители и их подчиненные — все равны перед Господом и все стоят на горе, облаченные в одинаковые ихрамы, и все должны выражать свою покорность Аллаху.

Этот день (День Арафа), как напоминание всем мусульманам о предстоящем Судном Дне, когда все будут равны перед Господом, и нет никакой разницы между людьми, по их сословию или богатству.

PS — для информации:

      — в жертвоприношение можно принести барашка, достигшего возраста семи месяцев, корову или быка в возрасте не менее двух лет, или же верблюда пяти полных лет.

     — выбирают животное для жертвоприношения упитанное, наиболее здоровое и красивое. В нем не должно быть каких-то изъянов и огрехов, которые могут повлиять на качество и количество мяса.

     — ни в коем случае нельзя расплачиваться мясом с тем мясником, который резал жертвенного барашка, быка, корову или верблюда. Зато можно дать ему не в качестве оплаты за его работу, а к примеру подарить, если этот человек беден.

     — тот правоверный мусульманин, кто принес барашка, быка, корову или верблюда в жертвоприношение, не имеет права что-либо продать из этого животного, ни куска мяса, ни его шкуры, но он у него есть возможность пользоваться в собственных целях шкурой и другими частями жертвенного животного.

Источник:https://worldluxrealty.com/kurban-bayram-2020-kakogo-chisla-nachinaetsya-prazdnik-v-rossii-tatarstane-i-bashkirii

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eid al-Adha
Calligraphic fragment dated to 1729–30 displaying blessings for Eid al-Adha in Arabic
Official name	Eid al-Adha
Observed by	Muslims
Type	Islamic
Significance	Commemoration of Abraham (Ibrahim)’s willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience of a command from God End of the annual Hajj to Mecca
Observances	Eid prayers, animal slaughter, charity, social gatherings, festive meals, gift-giving
Begins	10 Dhu al-Hijjah
Ends	13 Dhu al-Hijjah
Date	10 Dhu al-Hijjah
2023 date	28 June to 2 July[1]
2024 date	16 June to 20 June[2]
Related to	Hajj; Eid al-Fitr

Eid al-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى, romanized: ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā, lit. ‘Feast of the Sacrifice’) or the Holiday of Sacrifice is the second and the larger of the two main holidays celebrated in Islam (the other being Eid al-Fitr). It honours the willingness of Abraham (Ibrahim) to sacrifice his son Ishmael (Ismail) as an act of obedience to God’s command. Before Abraham could sacrifice his son, however, God provided him with a lamb which he was supposed to kill in his son’s place because of his willingness to sacrifice his own son in the name of God. In commemoration of this intervention, animals are ritually sacrificed. Part of their meat is consumed by the family which offers the animal, while the rest of the meat is distributed to the poor and the needy. Sweets and gifts are given, and extended family members are typically visited and welcomed.^[6] The day is also sometimes called the Greater Eid.^[7]

In the Islamic lunar calendar, Eid al-Adha falls on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah and lasts for four days. In the international (Gregorian) calendar, the dates vary from year to year, shifting approximately 11 days earlier each year.

Pronunciation[edit]

Eid al-Adha is also pronounced Eid al-Azha and Eidul Azha, primarily in Iran and regions influenced by the Persian language like the Indian subcontinent; EED əl AH-də, -⁠ AHD-hah; Arabic: عيد الأضحى, romanized: ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā, IPA: [ʕiːd al ˈʔadˤħaː].^[8]

Etymology[edit]

The Arabic word عيد (ʿīd) means ‘festival’, ‘celebration’, ‘feast day’, or ‘holiday’. It itself is a triliteral root ‏عيد‎ (ʕ-y-d) with associated root meanings of «to go back, to rescind, to accrue, to be accustomed, habits, to repeat, to be experienced; appointed time or place, anniversary, feast day».^[9][10] Arthur Jeffery contests this etymology, and believes the term to have been borrowed into Arabic from Syriac, or less likely Targumic Aramaic.^[11]

The holiday is called عيد الأضحى (Eid-al-Adha) or العيد الكبير (Eid-al-Kabir) in Arabic.^[12] The words أضحى (aḍḥā) and قربان (qurbān) are synonymous in meaning ‘sacrifice’ (animal sacrifice), ‘offering’ or ‘oblation’. The first word comes from the triliteral root ضحى (ḍaḥḥā) with associated meanings of «immolate ; offer up ; sacrifice ; victimize».^[13] No occurrence of this root with a meaning related to sacrifice occurs in the Qur’an^[9] but in the Hadith literature. Arab Christians use the term to mean the Eucharistic host. The second word derives from the triliteral root ‏‏قرب‎‎ (qaraba) with associated meanings of «closeness, proximity… to moderate; kinship…; to hurry; …to seek, to seek water sources…; scabbard, sheath; small boat; sacrifice».^[10] Arthur Jeffery recognizes the same Semitic root, but believes the sense of the term to have entered Arabic through Aramaic.^[11] The word is still used by Aramaic Christians for the Communion service, see Eucharist above. Compare Hebrew korban קָרבן (qorbān).

Origin[edit]

One of the main trials of Abraham’s life was to face the command of God by killing his beloved son. According to the narrative, Abraham kept having nightmares that he was sacrificing his son Ishmael, son of Hagar (Hajar). Abraham knew that this was a command from God and he told his son, as stated in the Quran,

«Oh son, I keep dreaming that I am slaughtering you». he replied, «Father, do what you are ordered to do.»

Abraham prepared to submit to the will of God and to slaughter his son as an act of faith and obedience to God.^[14] During the preparation, Iblis (Satan) tempted Abraham and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out God’s commandment, and Abraham drove Iblis away by throwing pebbles at him. In commemoration of their rejection of Iblis, stones are thrown during Hajj rites at symbolic pillars, symbolising the place at which Iblis tried to dissuade Abraham^[15]

Acknowledging that Abraham was willing to sacrifice what is dear to him, God honoured both Abraham and Ishmael. Angel Gabriel (Jibreel) called Abraham, «O’ Ibrahim, you have fulfilled the revelations.» and a lamb from heaven was offered by Angel Gabriel to prophet Abraham to slaughter instead of Ishmael. Muslims worldwide celebrate Eid al Adha to commemorate both the devotion of Abraham and the survival of Ishmael.^[16][17][18]

This story is known as the Akedah in Judaism (Binding of Isaac) and originates in the Torah,^[19] the first book of Moses (Genesis, Ch. 22). The Quran refers to the Akedah as follows:^[20]

100 My Lord! Bless me with righteous offspring.”
101 So We gave him good news of a forbearing son.
102 Then when the boy reached the age to work with him, Abraham said, “O my dear son! I have seen in a dream that I ˹must˺ sacrifice you. So tell me what you think.” He replied, “O my dear father! Do as you are commanded. Allah willing, you will find me steadfast.”
103 Then when they submitted ˹to Allah’s Will˺, and Abraham laid him on the side of his forehead ˹for sacrifice˺,
104 We called out to him, “O Abraham!
105 You have already fulfilled the vision.” Indeed, this is how We reward the good-doers.
106 That was truly a revealing test.
107 And We ransomed his son with a great sacrifice,
108 and blessed Abraham ˹with honourable mention˺ among later generations:
109 “Peace be upon Abraham.”
110 This is how We reward the good-doers.
111 He was truly one of Our faithful servants.
112 We ˹later˺ gave him good news of Isaac—a prophet, and one of the righteous.

The word «Eid» appears once in Al-Ma’ida, the fifth surah of the Quran, with the meaning «a festival or a feast».^[21]

Slaughter on Eid al-Adha[edit]

The tradition for Eid al-Adha involves slaughtering an animal and sharing the meat in three equal parts – for family, for relatives and friends, and for poor people. The goal is to make sure every Muslim gets to eat meat.^[22][23]

Eid prayers[edit]

Devotees offer the Eid al-Adha prayers at the mosque. The Eid al-Adha prayer is performed any time after the sun completely rises up to just before the entering of Zuhr time, on the tenth of Dhu al-Hijjah. In the event of a force majeure (e.g. natural disaster), the prayer may be delayed to the 11th of Dhu al-Hijjah and then to the 12th of Dhu al-Hijjah.^[24]

Eid prayers must be offered in congregation. Participation of women in the prayer congregation varies from community to community.^[25] It consists of two rakats (units) with seven takbirs in the first Raka’ah and five Takbirs in the second Raka’ah. For Shia Muslims, Salat al-Eid differs from the five daily canonical prayers in that no adhan (call to prayer) or iqama (call) is pronounced for the two Eid prayers.^[26][27] The salat (prayer) is then followed by the khutbah, or sermon, by the Imam.^[28]

At the conclusion of the prayers and sermon, Muslims embrace and exchange greetings with one another (Eid Mubarak), give gifts and visit one another. Many Muslims also take this opportunity to invite their friends, neighbours, co-workers and classmates to their Eid festivities to better acquaint them about Islam and Muslim culture.^[29]

Traditions and practices[edit]

During Eid al-Adha, distributing meat amongst the people, chanting the takbir out loud before the Eid prayers on the first day and after prayers throughout the four days of Eid, are considered essential parts of this important Islamic festival.^[30]

The takbir consists of:^[31]

Adults and children are expected to dress in their finest clothing to perform Eid prayer in a large congregation in an open waqf («stopping») field called Eidgah or mosque. Affluent Muslims who can afford it sacrifice their best halal domestic animals (usually a camel, goat, sheep, or ram depending on the region) as a symbol of Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his only son.^[32] The sacrificed animals, called aḍḥiya (Arabic: أضحية), known also by the Perso-Arabic term qurbāni, have to meet certain age and quality standards or else the animal is considered an unacceptable sacrifice.^[33] In Pakistan alone nearly ten million animals are sacrificed on Eid days, costing over $2 billion.^[34]

The meat from the sacrificed animal is preferred to be divided into three parts. The family retains one-third of the share; another third is given to relatives, friends, and neighbors; and the remaining third is given to the poor and needy.^[32]

Muslims wear their new or best clothes. People cook special sweets, including ma’amoul (filled shortbread cookies) and samosas. They gather with family and friends.^[24]

Eid al-Adha in the Gregorian calendar[edit]

While Eid al-Adha is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Gregorian calendar varies from year to year since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. The lunar calendar is approximately eleven days shorter than the solar calendar.^[35] Each year, Eid al-Adha (like other Islamic holidays) falls on one of about two to four Gregorian dates in parts of the world, because the boundary of crescent visibility is different from the International Date Line.^[36]

The following list shows the official dates of Eid al-Adha for Saudi Arabia as announced by the Supreme Judicial Council. Future dates are estimated according to the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia.^[3] The Umm al-Qura calendar is just a guide for planning purposes and not the absolute determinant or fixer of dates. Confirmations of actual dates by moon sighting are applied on the 29th day of the lunar month prior to Dhu al-Hijjah^[37] to announce the specific dates for both Hajj rituals and the subsequent Eid festival. The three days after the listed date are also part of the festival. The time before the listed date the pilgrims visit Mount Arafat and descend from it after sunrise of the listed day.^[38]

In many countries, the start of any lunar Hijri month varies based on the observation of new moon by local religious authorities, so the exact day of celebration varies by locality.

Explanatory notes[edit]

Because the Hijri year differs by about 11 days from the AD year, Eid al-Adha can occur twice a year, in the year 1029, 1062, 1094, 1127, 1159, 1192, 1224, 1257, 1290, 1322, 1355, 1387, 1420, 1452, 1485, 1518, 1550, 1583, 1615, 1648, 1681, 1713, 1746, 1778, 1811, 1844, 1876, 1909, 1941, 1974, 2006, 2039, 2072, 2104, 2137, 2169, 2202, 2235, 2267 and 2300. (will continue to occur every 32 or 33 years).

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Media related to Eid al-Adha at Wikimedia Commons
• Muttaqi, Shahid ‘Ali. «The Sacrifice of ‘Eid al-Adha’«.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eid al-Adha
Calligraphic fragment dated to 1729–30 displaying blessings for Eid al-Adha in Arabic
Official name	Eid al-Adha
Observed by	Muslims
Type	Islamic
Significance	Commemoration of Abraham (Ibrahim)’s willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience of a command from God End of the annual Hajj to Mecca
Observances	Eid prayers, animal slaughter, charity, social gatherings, festive meals, gift-giving
Begins	10 Dhu al-Hijjah
Ends	13 Dhu al-Hijjah
Date	10 Dhu al-Hijjah
2023 date	28 June to 2 July[1]
2024 date	16 June to 20 June[2]
Related to	Hajj; Eid al-Fitr

Eid al-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى, romanized: ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā, lit. ‘Feast of the Sacrifice’) or the Holiday of Sacrifice is the second and the larger of the two main holidays celebrated in Islam (the other being Eid al-Fitr). It honours the willingness of Abraham (Ibrahim) to sacrifice his son Ishmael (Ismail) as an act of obedience to God’s command. Before Abraham could sacrifice his son, however, God provided him with a lamb which he was supposed to kill in his son’s place because of his willingness to sacrifice his own son in the name of God. In commemoration of this intervention, animals are ritually sacrificed. Part of their meat is consumed by the family which offers the animal, while the rest of the meat is distributed to the poor and the needy. Sweets and gifts are given, and extended family members are typically visited and welcomed.^[6] The day is also sometimes called the Greater Eid.^[7]

In the Islamic lunar calendar, Eid al-Adha falls on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah and lasts for four days. In the international (Gregorian) calendar, the dates vary from year to year, shifting approximately 11 days earlier each year.

Pronunciation[edit]

Eid al-Adha is also pronounced Eid al-Azha and Eidul Azha, primarily in Iran and regions influenced by the Persian language like the Indian subcontinent; EED əl AH-də, -⁠ AHD-hah; Arabic: عيد الأضحى, romanized: ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā, IPA: [ʕiːd al ˈʔadˤħaː].^[8]

Etymology[edit]

The Arabic word عيد (ʿīd) means ‘festival’, ‘celebration’, ‘feast day’, or ‘holiday’. It itself is a triliteral root ‏عيد‎ (ʕ-y-d) with associated root meanings of «to go back, to rescind, to accrue, to be accustomed, habits, to repeat, to be experienced; appointed time or place, anniversary, feast day».^[9][10] Arthur Jeffery contests this etymology, and believes the term to have been borrowed into Arabic from Syriac, or less likely Targumic Aramaic.^[11]

The holiday is called عيد الأضحى (Eid-al-Adha) or العيد الكبير (Eid-al-Kabir) in Arabic.^[12] The words أضحى (aḍḥā) and قربان (qurbān) are synonymous in meaning ‘sacrifice’ (animal sacrifice), ‘offering’ or ‘oblation’. The first word comes from the triliteral root ضحى (ḍaḥḥā) with associated meanings of «immolate ; offer up ; sacrifice ; victimize».^[13] No occurrence of this root with a meaning related to sacrifice occurs in the Qur’an^[9] but in the Hadith literature. Arab Christians use the term to mean the Eucharistic host. The second word derives from the triliteral root ‏‏قرب‎‎ (qaraba) with associated meanings of «closeness, proximity… to moderate; kinship…; to hurry; …to seek, to seek water sources…; scabbard, sheath; small boat; sacrifice».^[10] Arthur Jeffery recognizes the same Semitic root, but believes the sense of the term to have entered Arabic through Aramaic.^[11] The word is still used by Aramaic Christians for the Communion service, see Eucharist above. Compare Hebrew korban קָרבן (qorbān).

Origin[edit]

One of the main trials of Abraham’s life was to face the command of God by killing his beloved son. According to the narrative, Abraham kept having nightmares that he was sacrificing his son Ishmael, son of Hagar (Hajar). Abraham knew that this was a command from God and he told his son, as stated in the Quran,

«Oh son, I keep dreaming that I am slaughtering you». he replied, «Father, do what you are ordered to do.»

Abraham prepared to submit to the will of God and to slaughter his son as an act of faith and obedience to God.^[14] During the preparation, Iblis (Satan) tempted Abraham and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out God’s commandment, and Abraham drove Iblis away by throwing pebbles at him. In commemoration of their rejection of Iblis, stones are thrown during Hajj rites at symbolic pillars, symbolising the place at which Iblis tried to dissuade Abraham^[15]

Acknowledging that Abraham was willing to sacrifice what is dear to him, God honoured both Abraham and Ishmael. Angel Gabriel (Jibreel) called Abraham, «O’ Ibrahim, you have fulfilled the revelations.» and a lamb from heaven was offered by Angel Gabriel to prophet Abraham to slaughter instead of Ishmael. Muslims worldwide celebrate Eid al Adha to commemorate both the devotion of Abraham and the survival of Ishmael.^[16][17][18]

This story is known as the Akedah in Judaism (Binding of Isaac) and originates in the Torah,^[19] the first book of Moses (Genesis, Ch. 22). The Quran refers to the Akedah as follows:^[20]

100 My Lord! Bless me with righteous offspring.”
101 So We gave him good news of a forbearing son.
102 Then when the boy reached the age to work with him, Abraham said, “O my dear son! I have seen in a dream that I ˹must˺ sacrifice you. So tell me what you think.” He replied, “O my dear father! Do as you are commanded. Allah willing, you will find me steadfast.”
103 Then when they submitted ˹to Allah’s Will˺, and Abraham laid him on the side of his forehead ˹for sacrifice˺,
104 We called out to him, “O Abraham!
105 You have already fulfilled the vision.” Indeed, this is how We reward the good-doers.
106 That was truly a revealing test.
107 And We ransomed his son with a great sacrifice,
108 and blessed Abraham ˹with honourable mention˺ among later generations:
109 “Peace be upon Abraham.”
110 This is how We reward the good-doers.
111 He was truly one of Our faithful servants.
112 We ˹later˺ gave him good news of Isaac—a prophet, and one of the righteous.

The word «Eid» appears once in Al-Ma’ida, the fifth surah of the Quran, with the meaning «a festival or a feast».^[21]

Slaughter on Eid al-Adha[edit]

The tradition for Eid al-Adha involves slaughtering an animal and sharing the meat in three equal parts – for family, for relatives and friends, and for poor people. The goal is to make sure every Muslim gets to eat meat.^[22][23]

Eid prayers[edit]

Devotees offer the Eid al-Adha prayers at the mosque. The Eid al-Adha prayer is performed any time after the sun completely rises up to just before the entering of Zuhr time, on the tenth of Dhu al-Hijjah. In the event of a force majeure (e.g. natural disaster), the prayer may be delayed to the 11th of Dhu al-Hijjah and then to the 12th of Dhu al-Hijjah.^[24]

Eid prayers must be offered in congregation. Participation of women in the prayer congregation varies from community to community.^[25] It consists of two rakats (units) with seven takbirs in the first Raka’ah and five Takbirs in the second Raka’ah. For Shia Muslims, Salat al-Eid differs from the five daily canonical prayers in that no adhan (call to prayer) or iqama (call) is pronounced for the two Eid prayers.^[26][27] The salat (prayer) is then followed by the khutbah, or sermon, by the Imam.^[28]

At the conclusion of the prayers and sermon, Muslims embrace and exchange greetings with one another (Eid Mubarak), give gifts and visit one another. Many Muslims also take this opportunity to invite their friends, neighbours, co-workers and classmates to their Eid festivities to better acquaint them about Islam and Muslim culture.^[29]

Traditions and practices[edit]

During Eid al-Adha, distributing meat amongst the people, chanting the takbir out loud before the Eid prayers on the first day and after prayers throughout the four days of Eid, are considered essential parts of this important Islamic festival.^[30]

The takbir consists of:^[31]

Adults and children are expected to dress in their finest clothing to perform Eid prayer in a large congregation in an open waqf («stopping») field called Eidgah or mosque. Affluent Muslims who can afford it sacrifice their best halal domestic animals (usually a camel, goat, sheep, or ram depending on the region) as a symbol of Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his only son.^[32] The sacrificed animals, called aḍḥiya (Arabic: أضحية), known also by the Perso-Arabic term qurbāni, have to meet certain age and quality standards or else the animal is considered an unacceptable sacrifice.^[33] In Pakistan alone nearly ten million animals are sacrificed on Eid days, costing over $2 billion.^[34]

The meat from the sacrificed animal is preferred to be divided into three parts. The family retains one-third of the share; another third is given to relatives, friends, and neighbors; and the remaining third is given to the poor and needy.^[32]

Muslims wear their new or best clothes. People cook special sweets, including ma’amoul (filled shortbread cookies) and samosas. They gather with family and friends.^[24]

Eid al-Adha in the Gregorian calendar[edit]

While Eid al-Adha is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Gregorian calendar varies from year to year since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. The lunar calendar is approximately eleven days shorter than the solar calendar.^[35] Each year, Eid al-Adha (like other Islamic holidays) falls on one of about two to four Gregorian dates in parts of the world, because the boundary of crescent visibility is different from the International Date Line.^[36]

The following list shows the official dates of Eid al-Adha for Saudi Arabia as announced by the Supreme Judicial Council. Future dates are estimated according to the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia.^[3] The Umm al-Qura calendar is just a guide for planning purposes and not the absolute determinant or fixer of dates. Confirmations of actual dates by moon sighting are applied on the 29th day of the lunar month prior to Dhu al-Hijjah^[37] to announce the specific dates for both Hajj rituals and the subsequent Eid festival. The three days after the listed date are also part of the festival. The time before the listed date the pilgrims visit Mount Arafat and descend from it after sunrise of the listed day.^[38]

In many countries, the start of any lunar Hijri month varies based on the observation of new moon by local religious authorities, so the exact day of celebration varies by locality.

Explanatory notes[edit]

Because the Hijri year differs by about 11 days from the AD year, Eid al-Adha can occur twice a year, in the year 1029, 1062, 1094, 1127, 1159, 1192, 1224, 1257, 1290, 1322, 1355, 1387, 1420, 1452, 1485, 1518, 1550, 1583, 1615, 1648, 1681, 1713, 1746, 1778, 1811, 1844, 1876, 1909, 1941, 1974, 2006, 2039, 2072, 2104, 2137, 2169, 2202, 2235, 2267 and 2300. (will continue to occur every 32 or 33 years).

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Media related to Eid al-Adha at Wikimedia Commons
• Muttaqi, Shahid ‘Ali. «The Sacrifice of ‘Eid al-Adha’«.