Праздник святой анны у католиков

Святая Анна (Saint Anne, также Ann или Anna, от еврейского Hannah) — в христианстве мать Богородицы, бабушка Иисуса Христа (Богопраматерь), жена святого Иоакима (St. Joachim), родившая дочь чудесным образом после долгих лет бездетного брака.

К святой Анне обращаются как к защитнице беременных женщин. Именно к ней обращают свои молитвы с тем, чтобы роды были легкими, ребенок родился здоровым, и чтобы молока было достаточно. Святая Анна является так же покровительницей прачек и вышивальщиц, так как эти ремесла связаны с функциями матери.

В православной и католической церквях причислена к лику святых.

Католицизм отмечает в качестве праздника День святой Анны (Feast of Saint Anne) 26 июля и 8 декабря — день зачатия девы Марии, которое римская-католическая церковь считает непорочным, трактуя это в том смысле, что на Марию не перешёл первородный грех, но отнюдь не в том, чтобы она, подобно Иисусу, была зачата бессеменным образом. Согласно доктрине францисканцев, зачатие Девы Марии произошло в результате объятия и поцелуя у Золотых Ворот, и это чудо явилось первым актом Божественного Спасения.

Православная церковь отмечает Успение праведной Анны, матери Пресвятой Богородицы 7 августа.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Saint Anne
Greek icon of Saint Anne with the Virgin, by Angelos Akotantos
Mother of the Virgin, Maternal Heroine, Woman of Amram
Born	before c. 49 BC Bethlehem, Hasmonean Judea
Died	after c. 4 AD
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church Eastern Catholic Churches Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Church Anglican Communion Lutheranism Islam Afro-American religion
Canonized	Pre-Congregation
Major shrine	Apt Cathedral, Basilica of Sainte-Anne d’Auray, Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré
Feast	26 July (Roman Catholic),[1] 9 September (Eastern Orthodox)[2]
Attributes	Book; door; with Mary, Jesus or Joachim; woman dressed in red or green[3]
Patronage	Mothers, grandparents, pregnant women, children, unmarried people, teachers, carpenters, child care providers, seamstresses, lacemakers, secondhand-clothes dealers, equestrians, stablemen, miners, lost things, moving homes, poverty, sterility, Brittany, Canada, Detroit, Taguig, Triana, Seville, Hagonoy, Bulacan, Barili, Cebu, Molo, Iloilo City, Kurunegala Catholic Diocese, Sri Lanka, Fasnia, Tenerife, Mainar, Marsaskala

According to Christian apocryphal and Islamic tradition, Saint Anne was the mother of Mary and the maternal grandmother of Jesus. Mary’s mother is not named in the canonical gospels. In writing, Anne’s name and that of her husband Joachim come only from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Gospel of James (written perhaps around 150) seems to be the earliest that mentions them.
The mother of Mary is mentioned but not named in the Quran.

Christian tradition[edit]

The story is similar to that of Samuel, whose mother Hannah (Hebrew: חַנָּה‎ Ḥannāh «favour, grace»; etymologically the same name as Anne) had also been childless. The Immaculate Conception was eventually made dogma by the Catholic Church following an increased devotion to Anne in the 12th century.^[4] Dedications to Anne in Eastern Christianity occur as early as the 6th century.^[5] In the Eastern Orthodox tradition, Anne and Joachim are ascribed the title Ancestors of God,^[6] and both the Nativity of Mary and the Presentation of Mary are celebrated as two of the twelve Great Feasts of the Orthodox Church. The Dormition of Anne is also a minor feast in Eastern Christianity. In Lutheran Protestantism, it is held that Martin Luther chose to enter religious life as an Augustinian friar after invoking St. Anne while endangered by lightning.^[7]

In Islam[edit]

Anne (Arabic: حنة, romanized: Ḥannah) is also revered in Islam, recognized as a highly spiritual woman and as the mother of Mary. She is not named in the Quran, where she is referred to as «the wife of Imran». The Quran describes her remaining childless until her old age. One day, Hannah saw a bird feeding its young while sitting in the shade of a tree, which awakened her desire to have children of her own. She prayed for a child and eventually conceived; her husband, Imran, died before the child was born. Expecting the child to be male, Hannah vowed to dedicate him to isolation and service in the Second Temple.^{[N 1][8][9]}

However, Hannah bore a daughter instead, and named her Mary. Her words upon delivering Mary reflect her status as a great mystic, realising that while she had wanted a son, this daughter was God’s gift to her:^[8][9]

Then, when she brought forth she said: My Lord! Truly, I brought her forth, a female. And God is greater in knowledge of what she brought forth. And the male is not like the female. … So her Lord received her with the very best acceptance. And her bringing forth caused the very best to develop in her.^{[Quran 3:36–37 (Translated by Laleh Bakhtiar)]}

Beliefs[edit]

Although the canonical books of the New Testament never mention the mother of the Virgin Mary, traditions about her family, childhood, education, and eventual betrothal to Joseph developed very early in the history of the church. The oldest and most influential source for these is the apocryphal Gospel of James, first written in Koine Greek around the middle of the second century AD. In the West, the Gospel of James fell under a cloud in the fourth and fifth centuries when it was accused of «absurdities» by Jerome and condemned as untrustworthy by Pope Damasus I, Pope Innocent I, and Pope Gelasius I.^[10] However, despite having been condemned by the Church, it was taken over almost in toto by another apocryphal work, the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, which popularised most of its stories.^[11]

Ancient belief, attested to by a sermon of John of Damascus, was that Anne married once. In the Late Middle Ages, legend held that Anne was married three times: first to Joachim, then to Clopas and finally to a man named Solomas and that each marriage produced one daughter: Mary, mother of Jesus, Mary of Clopas, and Mary Salome, respectively.^{[citation needed]} The sister of Saint Anne was Sobe, mother of Elizabeth. In the fifteenth century, the Catholic cleric Johann Eck related in a sermon that St Anne’s parents were named Stollanus and Emerentia. Frederick George Holweck, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia (1907) regards this genealogy as spurious.^[12]

In the 4th century and then much later in the 15th century, a belief arose that Mary was conceived of Anne without original sin. This belief in the Immaculate Conception states that God preserved Mary’s body and soul intact and sinless from her first moment of existence, through the merits of Jesus Christ.^[12] The Immaculate Conception, often confused with the Annunciation of the Incarnation (Mary’s virgin birth of Jesus), was made dogma in the Catholic church by Pope Pius IX’s papal bull, Ineffabilis Deus, in 1854.

The thirteenth century Speculum Maius of Vincent of Beauvais incorporates information regarding the life of Saint Anne from an earlier work by Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim Abbey.^[13]

Veneration[edit]

In the Eastern church, the veneration of Anne herself may go back as far as c. 550, when Justinian built a church in Constantinople in her honor.^[14] The earliest pictorial sign of her veneration in the West is an 8th-century fresco in the church of Santa Maria Antiqua, Rome.^[10]

The Feast of the Conception of the Virgin Mary had reached southern Italy by the 9th-century. The cult of Saint Anne had developed in northern Europe by the twelfth century. A shrine at Douai, in northern France, was one of the early centers of devotion to St. Anne in the West.^[15]

The Anna Selbdritt was a type of iconography depicting the 3 generations of Saint Anne, Mary, and the child Jesus. Emphasizing the humanity of Jesus, it drew on the earlier conventions of the Seat of Wisdom, and was popular in northern Germany in the 1500s.^[16]

During the High Middle Ages, Saint Anne became increasingly identified as a maritime saint, protecting sailors and fisherman, and invoked against storms.^[17]

Two well-known shrines to St. Anne are that of Ste-Anne-d’Auray in Brittany, France; and that of Ste-Anne-de-Beaupré near the city of Québec. The number of visitors to the Basilica of Ste-Anne-de-Beaupré is greatest on St Anne’s Feast Day, 26 July, and the Sunday before Nativity of the Virgin Mary, 8 September. In 1892, Pope Leo XIII sent a relic of St Anne to the church.^[17]

In the Maltese language, the Milky Way galaxy is called It-Triq ta’ Sant’Anna, literally «The Way of St. Anne».^[18]

In Imperial Russia, the Order of St Anne was one of the leading state decorations.

In the United States, the Daughters of the Holy Spirit named the former Annhurst College in her honor.^[19]

Commemoration[edit]

By the middle of the 7th-century, a distinct feast day, the Conception of St. Anne (Maternity of Holy Anna) celebrating the conception of Mary by Saint Anne, was observed at the Monastery of Saint Sabas.^[20] It is now known in the Greek Orthodox Church as the feast of «The Conception by St. Anne of the Most Holy Theotokos», and celebrated on 9 December.^[21] In the Roman Catholic Church, the Feast of Saints Anne and Joachim is celebrated on 26 July.

Feast Day[edit]

Roman Catholic Church[edit]

• 26 July

Eastern Orthodox Church[edit]

• 25 July: (Dormition of the Righteous Anna, the Mother of the Most Holy Theotokos)
• 9 September: (Holy and Righteous Ancestors of God, Joachim and Anna, Afterfeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God)
• 9 December (The Conception by Righteous Anna of the Most Holy Mother of God)

Anglican Communion[edit]

• 26 July: Anne is remembered (with Joachim) in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 26 July.^[22]

Lutheranism[edit]

• 26 July

Coptic Orthodox Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church^[23]

• 7 November (The Departure of St. Anna (Hannah), the mother of the Theotokos)

Armenian Apostolic Church[edit]

• 9 December (The Conception by Righteous Anna of the Most Holy Mother of God)
• Tuesday, 2nd week after Dormition of the Mother of God^[24] (with Joachim)^[23]

Syro-Malabar Church^[25][edit]

• 26 July (Anne and Joachim)

Syro-Malankara Catholic Church^[26][edit]

• 9 September (Mar Joachim & Martha Anna)

Maronite Church^[27][edit]

• 9 September (St. Anne and Joachim, Parents of the Blessed Virgin Mary)

Relics[edit]

The alleged relics of St. Anne were brought from the Holy Land to Constantinople in 710 and were kept there in the church of St. Sophia as late as 1333.^[12]

During the 12th and 13th centuries, returning crusaders and pilgrims from the East brought relics of Anne to a number of churches, including most famously those at Apt, in Provence, Ghent, and Chartres.^[10] St. Anne’s relics have been preserved and venerated in the many cathedrals and monasteries dedicated to her name, for example in Austria, Canada,^[28] Germany, Italy,^[29] and Greece in the semi-autonomous Mount Athos, and the city of Katerini.^[30] Medieval and baroque craftsmanship is evidenced in, for example, the metalwork of the life-size reliquaries containing the bones of her forearm. Examples employing folk art techniques are also known.

Düren has been the main place of pilgrimage for Anne since 1506, when Pope Julius II decreed that her relics should be kept there.

Patronage[edit]

The Church of Saint Anne in Beit Guvrin National Park was built by the Byzantines and the Crusaders in the 12th century, known in Arabic as Khirbet (lit. «ruin») Sandahanna, the mound of Maresha being called Tell Sandahanna.

Saint Anne is patroness of unmarried women, housewives, women in labor or who want to be pregnant, grandmothers, mothers and educators. She is also a patroness of horseback riders, cabinet-makers^[15] and miners. As the mother of Mary, this devotion to Saint Anne as the patron of miners arises from the medieval comparison between Mary and Christ and the precious metals silver and gold. Anne’s womb was considered the source from which these precious metals were mined.^[31]

She is also the patron saint of: Brittany (France), Chinandega (Nicaragua), the Mi’kmaq people of Canada, Castelbuono (Sicily), Quebec (Canada), Santa Ana (California), Norwich (Connecticut), Detroit (Michigan),^[32] Adjuntas (Puerto Rico), Santa Ana and Jucuarán (El Salvador), Berlin (New Hampshire), Santa Ana Pueblo, Seama, and Taos (New Mexico), Chiclana de la Frontera, Marsaskala, Tudela and Fasnia (Spain), Town of Sta Ana Province of Pampanga, St. Anne in Molo, Iloilo City, Hagonoy, Santa Ana, Taguig City, Saint Anne Shrine, Malicboy, Pagbilao, Quezon and Malinao, Albay (Philippines), Santana (Brazil), Saint Anne (Illinois), Sainte Anne Island, Baie Sainte Anne and Praslin Island (Seychelles), Bukit Mertajam and Port Klang (Malaysia), Kľúčové (Slovakia) and South Vietnam. The parish church of Vatican City is Sant’Anna dei Palafrenieri. There is a shrine dedicated to Saint Anne in the Woods in Bristol, United Kingdom.

In art[edit]

Christ in the House of His Parents[edit]

In John Everett Millais’s 1849–50 work, Christ in the House of His Parents,
Anne is shown in her son-in-law Joseph’s carpentry shop caring for a young Jesus who had cut his hand on a nail. She joins her daughter Mary, Joseph, and a young boy who will later become known as John the Baptist in caring for the injured hand of Jesus.

Iconography[edit]

The subject of Joachim and Anne The Meeting at the Golden Gate was a regular component of artistic cycles of the Life of the Virgin. The couple meet at the Golden Gate of Jerusalem and embrace. They are aware of Anne’s pregnancy, of which they have been separately informed by an archangel. This moment stood for the conception of Mary, and the feast was celebrated on the same day as the Immaculate Conception. Art works representing the Golden Gate and the events leading up to it were influenced by the narrative in the widely read Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine. The Birth of Mary, the Presentation of Mary and the Marriage of the Virgin were usual components of cycles of the Life of the Virgin in which Anne is normally shown here.

Her emblem is a door.^[15] She is often portrayed wearing red and green, representing love and life.^[3]

Anne is never shown as present at the Nativity of Christ, but is frequently shown with the infant Christ in various subjects. She is sometimes believed to be depicted in scenes of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple and the Circumcision of Christ, but in the former case, this likely reflects a misidentification through confusion with Anna the Prophetess. There was a tradition that Anne went (separately) to Egypt and rejoined the Holy Family after their Flight to Egypt. Anne is not seen with the adult Christ, so was regarded as having died during the youth of Jesus.^[33] Anne is also shown as the matriarch of the Holy Kinship, the extended family of Jesus, a popular subject in late medieval Germany; some versions of these pictorial and sculptural depictions include Emerentia who was reputed in the 15th Century to be Anne’s mother. In modern devotions, Anne and her husband are invoked for protection for the unborn.

Virgin and Child with Saint Anne[edit]

The role of the Messiah’s grandparents in salvation history was commonly depicted in early medieval devotional art in a vertical double-Madonna arrangement known as the Virgin and Child with Saint Anne. Another typical subject has Anne teaching the Virgin Mary the Scriptures (see gallery below).

Gallery[edit]

• 

  German, 15th century. Anne holds Mary and Christ

• 

  German, 15th century, Legends of St Anne

• 

  German, 16th century. Relief of the St. Anne’s Head, Annakirche Dueren

• 

  German, 16th century. St. Anne’s Shrine, home of St. Anne’s Head, Annakirche Dueren

• 

  Annunciation to Anne mosaic, 12th century, Chora Church, Istanbul

• 

  A Belgian Virgin and Child with Saint Anne (labeled Ste Anne Trinitaire by the museum)

• 

  A Spanish Virgin and Child with Saint Anne influenced ultimately by Greek «Hodegetria» icons

• 

  The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne from Oaxaca, Mexico

• 

  St. Anne Teaching the Virgin to Read, Church of San Giuseppe alla Lungara, Rome

• 

  Saint Anne, James Tissot, Brooklyn Museum

• 

  Saint Anne (Die Heilige Anna) with child Jesus, by Otto Bitschnau, 1883^[34]

• 

  Saint Anne and Virgin Mary. Josef Moroder-Lusenberg school (c. 1890) in Badia

• 

  The instruction of Mary. Catholic parish church of St. Martin in the district of Dillingen (Bavaria).

• 

  The Education of the Virgin. Guido Reni (1640-1642)

• 

• 

  Mary and St. Anne. Iglesia del Salvador, Seville

• 

  Education of Virgin Mary, Parish church Saint Vinzenz

• 

  Saint Anne with Virgin and Child, ca. 1400-1425

Music[edit]

• Marc-Antoine Charpentier composed 2 motets :
  • Pour Ste Anne, H.315, for 2 voices and continuo (around 1675)
  • Canticum Annae, H.325, for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments, and continuo (around 1680).
• Johann Sebastian Bach composed a prelude and fugue :
  • Prelude and Fugue in E-Flat Major, BWV 552 (published 1739)

See also[edit]

• Church of Saint Anne, Jerusalem
• Church of St. Ann (disambiguation)
• The Line of Saint Anne
• Portal, Catholic patron saint archive
• Statue of Saint Anne, Charles Bridge
• St Anne’s College, Oxford
• Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
• Feast of the Conception of the Virgin Mary

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Brief Franciscan Media article on «Sts. Joachim and Ann»
• «Saint Anne» at the Christian Iconography website
• «Here Followeth the Nativity of Our Blessed Lady» from the Caxton translation of the Golden Legend
• The Protevangelium of James
• The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew
• Reames, Sherry L. ed.,»Legends of St. Anne, Mother of the Virgin Mary: Introduction», Middle English Legends of Women Saints, Medieval Institute Publications, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 2003
• Welsh, Jennifer. The Cult of St. Anne in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Routledge, 2017.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Saint Anne
Greek icon of Saint Anne with the Virgin, by Angelos Akotantos
Mother of the Virgin, Maternal Heroine, Woman of Amram
Born	before c. 49 BC Bethlehem, Hasmonean Judea
Died	after c. 4 AD
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church Eastern Catholic Churches Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox Church Anglican Communion Lutheranism Islam Afro-American religion
Canonized	Pre-Congregation
Major shrine	Apt Cathedral, Basilica of Sainte-Anne d’Auray, Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré
Feast	26 July (Roman Catholic),[1] 9 September (Eastern Orthodox)[2]
Attributes	Book; door; with Mary, Jesus or Joachim; woman dressed in red or green[3]
Patronage	Mothers, grandparents, pregnant women, children, unmarried people, teachers, carpenters, child care providers, seamstresses, lacemakers, secondhand-clothes dealers, equestrians, stablemen, miners, lost things, moving homes, poverty, sterility, Brittany, Canada, Detroit, Taguig, Triana, Seville, Hagonoy, Bulacan, Barili, Cebu, Molo, Iloilo City, Kurunegala Catholic Diocese, Sri Lanka, Fasnia, Tenerife, Mainar, Marsaskala

According to Christian apocryphal and Islamic tradition, Saint Anne was the mother of Mary and the maternal grandmother of Jesus. Mary’s mother is not named in the canonical gospels. In writing, Anne’s name and that of her husband Joachim come only from New Testament apocrypha, of which the Gospel of James (written perhaps around 150) seems to be the earliest that mentions them.
The mother of Mary is mentioned but not named in the Quran.

Christian tradition[edit]

The story is similar to that of Samuel, whose mother Hannah (Hebrew: חַנָּה‎ Ḥannāh «favour, grace»; etymologically the same name as Anne) had also been childless. The Immaculate Conception was eventually made dogma by the Catholic Church following an increased devotion to Anne in the 12th century.^[4] Dedications to Anne in Eastern Christianity occur as early as the 6th century.^[5] In the Eastern Orthodox tradition, Anne and Joachim are ascribed the title Ancestors of God,^[6] and both the Nativity of Mary and the Presentation of Mary are celebrated as two of the twelve Great Feasts of the Orthodox Church. The Dormition of Anne is also a minor feast in Eastern Christianity. In Lutheran Protestantism, it is held that Martin Luther chose to enter religious life as an Augustinian friar after invoking St. Anne while endangered by lightning.^[7]

In Islam[edit]

Anne (Arabic: حنة, romanized: Ḥannah) is also revered in Islam, recognized as a highly spiritual woman and as the mother of Mary. She is not named in the Quran, where she is referred to as «the wife of Imran». The Quran describes her remaining childless until her old age. One day, Hannah saw a bird feeding its young while sitting in the shade of a tree, which awakened her desire to have children of her own. She prayed for a child and eventually conceived; her husband, Imran, died before the child was born. Expecting the child to be male, Hannah vowed to dedicate him to isolation and service in the Second Temple.^{[N 1][8][9]}

However, Hannah bore a daughter instead, and named her Mary. Her words upon delivering Mary reflect her status as a great mystic, realising that while she had wanted a son, this daughter was God’s gift to her:^[8][9]

Then, when she brought forth she said: My Lord! Truly, I brought her forth, a female. And God is greater in knowledge of what she brought forth. And the male is not like the female. … So her Lord received her with the very best acceptance. And her bringing forth caused the very best to develop in her.^{[Quran 3:36–37 (Translated by Laleh Bakhtiar)]}

Beliefs[edit]

Although the canonical books of the New Testament never mention the mother of the Virgin Mary, traditions about her family, childhood, education, and eventual betrothal to Joseph developed very early in the history of the church. The oldest and most influential source for these is the apocryphal Gospel of James, first written in Koine Greek around the middle of the second century AD. In the West, the Gospel of James fell under a cloud in the fourth and fifth centuries when it was accused of «absurdities» by Jerome and condemned as untrustworthy by Pope Damasus I, Pope Innocent I, and Pope Gelasius I.^[10] However, despite having been condemned by the Church, it was taken over almost in toto by another apocryphal work, the Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew, which popularised most of its stories.^[11]

Ancient belief, attested to by a sermon of John of Damascus, was that Anne married once. In the Late Middle Ages, legend held that Anne was married three times: first to Joachim, then to Clopas and finally to a man named Solomas and that each marriage produced one daughter: Mary, mother of Jesus, Mary of Clopas, and Mary Salome, respectively.^{[citation needed]} The sister of Saint Anne was Sobe, mother of Elizabeth. In the fifteenth century, the Catholic cleric Johann Eck related in a sermon that St Anne’s parents were named Stollanus and Emerentia. Frederick George Holweck, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia (1907) regards this genealogy as spurious.^[12]

In the 4th century and then much later in the 15th century, a belief arose that Mary was conceived of Anne without original sin. This belief in the Immaculate Conception states that God preserved Mary’s body and soul intact and sinless from her first moment of existence, through the merits of Jesus Christ.^[12] The Immaculate Conception, often confused with the Annunciation of the Incarnation (Mary’s virgin birth of Jesus), was made dogma in the Catholic church by Pope Pius IX’s papal bull, Ineffabilis Deus, in 1854.

The thirteenth century Speculum Maius of Vincent of Beauvais incorporates information regarding the life of Saint Anne from an earlier work by Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim Abbey.^[13]

Veneration[edit]

In the Eastern church, the veneration of Anne herself may go back as far as c. 550, when Justinian built a church in Constantinople in her honor.^[14] The earliest pictorial sign of her veneration in the West is an 8th-century fresco in the church of Santa Maria Antiqua, Rome.^[10]

The Feast of the Conception of the Virgin Mary had reached southern Italy by the 9th-century. The cult of Saint Anne had developed in northern Europe by the twelfth century. A shrine at Douai, in northern France, was one of the early centers of devotion to St. Anne in the West.^[15]

The Anna Selbdritt was a type of iconography depicting the 3 generations of Saint Anne, Mary, and the child Jesus. Emphasizing the humanity of Jesus, it drew on the earlier conventions of the Seat of Wisdom, and was popular in northern Germany in the 1500s.^[16]

During the High Middle Ages, Saint Anne became increasingly identified as a maritime saint, protecting sailors and fisherman, and invoked against storms.^[17]

Two well-known shrines to St. Anne are that of Ste-Anne-d’Auray in Brittany, France; and that of Ste-Anne-de-Beaupré near the city of Québec. The number of visitors to the Basilica of Ste-Anne-de-Beaupré is greatest on St Anne’s Feast Day, 26 July, and the Sunday before Nativity of the Virgin Mary, 8 September. In 1892, Pope Leo XIII sent a relic of St Anne to the church.^[17]

In the Maltese language, the Milky Way galaxy is called It-Triq ta’ Sant’Anna, literally «The Way of St. Anne».^[18]

In Imperial Russia, the Order of St Anne was one of the leading state decorations.

In the United States, the Daughters of the Holy Spirit named the former Annhurst College in her honor.^[19]

Commemoration[edit]

By the middle of the 7th-century, a distinct feast day, the Conception of St. Anne (Maternity of Holy Anna) celebrating the conception of Mary by Saint Anne, was observed at the Monastery of Saint Sabas.^[20] It is now known in the Greek Orthodox Church as the feast of «The Conception by St. Anne of the Most Holy Theotokos», and celebrated on 9 December.^[21] In the Roman Catholic Church, the Feast of Saints Anne and Joachim is celebrated on 26 July.

Feast Day[edit]

Roman Catholic Church[edit]

• 26 July

Eastern Orthodox Church[edit]

• 25 July: (Dormition of the Righteous Anna, the Mother of the Most Holy Theotokos)
• 9 September: (Holy and Righteous Ancestors of God, Joachim and Anna, Afterfeast of the Nativity of the Mother of God)
• 9 December (The Conception by Righteous Anna of the Most Holy Mother of God)

Anglican Communion[edit]

• 26 July: Anne is remembered (with Joachim) in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 26 July.^[22]

Lutheranism[edit]

• 26 July

Coptic Orthodox Church and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church^[23]

• 7 November (The Departure of St. Anna (Hannah), the mother of the Theotokos)

Armenian Apostolic Church[edit]

• 9 December (The Conception by Righteous Anna of the Most Holy Mother of God)
• Tuesday, 2nd week after Dormition of the Mother of God^[24] (with Joachim)^[23]

Syro-Malabar Church^[25][edit]

• 26 July (Anne and Joachim)

Syro-Malankara Catholic Church^[26][edit]

• 9 September (Mar Joachim & Martha Anna)

Maronite Church^[27][edit]

• 9 September (St. Anne and Joachim, Parents of the Blessed Virgin Mary)

Relics[edit]

The alleged relics of St. Anne were brought from the Holy Land to Constantinople in 710 and were kept there in the church of St. Sophia as late as 1333.^[12]

During the 12th and 13th centuries, returning crusaders and pilgrims from the East brought relics of Anne to a number of churches, including most famously those at Apt, in Provence, Ghent, and Chartres.^[10] St. Anne’s relics have been preserved and venerated in the many cathedrals and monasteries dedicated to her name, for example in Austria, Canada,^[28] Germany, Italy,^[29] and Greece in the semi-autonomous Mount Athos, and the city of Katerini.^[30] Medieval and baroque craftsmanship is evidenced in, for example, the metalwork of the life-size reliquaries containing the bones of her forearm. Examples employing folk art techniques are also known.

Düren has been the main place of pilgrimage for Anne since 1506, when Pope Julius II decreed that her relics should be kept there.

Patronage[edit]

The Church of Saint Anne in Beit Guvrin National Park was built by the Byzantines and the Crusaders in the 12th century, known in Arabic as Khirbet (lit. «ruin») Sandahanna, the mound of Maresha being called Tell Sandahanna.

Saint Anne is patroness of unmarried women, housewives, women in labor or who want to be pregnant, grandmothers, mothers and educators. She is also a patroness of horseback riders, cabinet-makers^[15] and miners. As the mother of Mary, this devotion to Saint Anne as the patron of miners arises from the medieval comparison between Mary and Christ and the precious metals silver and gold. Anne’s womb was considered the source from which these precious metals were mined.^[31]

She is also the patron saint of: Brittany (France), Chinandega (Nicaragua), the Mi’kmaq people of Canada, Castelbuono (Sicily), Quebec (Canada), Santa Ana (California), Norwich (Connecticut), Detroit (Michigan),^[32] Adjuntas (Puerto Rico), Santa Ana and Jucuarán (El Salvador), Berlin (New Hampshire), Santa Ana Pueblo, Seama, and Taos (New Mexico), Chiclana de la Frontera, Marsaskala, Tudela and Fasnia (Spain), Town of Sta Ana Province of Pampanga, St. Anne in Molo, Iloilo City, Hagonoy, Santa Ana, Taguig City, Saint Anne Shrine, Malicboy, Pagbilao, Quezon and Malinao, Albay (Philippines), Santana (Brazil), Saint Anne (Illinois), Sainte Anne Island, Baie Sainte Anne and Praslin Island (Seychelles), Bukit Mertajam and Port Klang (Malaysia), Kľúčové (Slovakia) and South Vietnam. The parish church of Vatican City is Sant’Anna dei Palafrenieri. There is a shrine dedicated to Saint Anne in the Woods in Bristol, United Kingdom.

In art[edit]

Christ in the House of His Parents[edit]

In John Everett Millais’s 1849–50 work, Christ in the House of His Parents,
Anne is shown in her son-in-law Joseph’s carpentry shop caring for a young Jesus who had cut his hand on a nail. She joins her daughter Mary, Joseph, and a young boy who will later become known as John the Baptist in caring for the injured hand of Jesus.

Iconography[edit]

The subject of Joachim and Anne The Meeting at the Golden Gate was a regular component of artistic cycles of the Life of the Virgin. The couple meet at the Golden Gate of Jerusalem and embrace. They are aware of Anne’s pregnancy, of which they have been separately informed by an archangel. This moment stood for the conception of Mary, and the feast was celebrated on the same day as the Immaculate Conception. Art works representing the Golden Gate and the events leading up to it were influenced by the narrative in the widely read Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine. The Birth of Mary, the Presentation of Mary and the Marriage of the Virgin were usual components of cycles of the Life of the Virgin in which Anne is normally shown here.

Her emblem is a door.^[15] She is often portrayed wearing red and green, representing love and life.^[3]

Anne is never shown as present at the Nativity of Christ, but is frequently shown with the infant Christ in various subjects. She is sometimes believed to be depicted in scenes of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple and the Circumcision of Christ, but in the former case, this likely reflects a misidentification through confusion with Anna the Prophetess. There was a tradition that Anne went (separately) to Egypt and rejoined the Holy Family after their Flight to Egypt. Anne is not seen with the adult Christ, so was regarded as having died during the youth of Jesus.^[33] Anne is also shown as the matriarch of the Holy Kinship, the extended family of Jesus, a popular subject in late medieval Germany; some versions of these pictorial and sculptural depictions include Emerentia who was reputed in the 15th Century to be Anne’s mother. In modern devotions, Anne and her husband are invoked for protection for the unborn.

Virgin and Child with Saint Anne[edit]

The role of the Messiah’s grandparents in salvation history was commonly depicted in early medieval devotional art in a vertical double-Madonna arrangement known as the Virgin and Child with Saint Anne. Another typical subject has Anne teaching the Virgin Mary the Scriptures (see gallery below).

Gallery[edit]

• 

  German, 15th century. Anne holds Mary and Christ

• 

  German, 15th century, Legends of St Anne

• 

  German, 16th century. Relief of the St. Anne’s Head, Annakirche Dueren

• 

  German, 16th century. St. Anne’s Shrine, home of St. Anne’s Head, Annakirche Dueren

• 

  Annunciation to Anne mosaic, 12th century, Chora Church, Istanbul

• 

  A Belgian Virgin and Child with Saint Anne (labeled Ste Anne Trinitaire by the museum)

• 

  A Spanish Virgin and Child with Saint Anne influenced ultimately by Greek «Hodegetria» icons

• 

  The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne from Oaxaca, Mexico

• 

  St. Anne Teaching the Virgin to Read, Church of San Giuseppe alla Lungara, Rome

• 

  Saint Anne, James Tissot, Brooklyn Museum

• 

  Saint Anne (Die Heilige Anna) with child Jesus, by Otto Bitschnau, 1883^[34]

• 

  Saint Anne and Virgin Mary. Josef Moroder-Lusenberg school (c. 1890) in Badia

• 

  The instruction of Mary. Catholic parish church of St. Martin in the district of Dillingen (Bavaria).

• 

  The Education of the Virgin. Guido Reni (1640-1642)

• 

• 

  Mary and St. Anne. Iglesia del Salvador, Seville

• 

  Education of Virgin Mary, Parish church Saint Vinzenz

• 

  Saint Anne with Virgin and Child, ca. 1400-1425

Music[edit]

• Marc-Antoine Charpentier composed 2 motets :
  • Pour Ste Anne, H.315, for 2 voices and continuo (around 1675)
  • Canticum Annae, H.325, for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments, and continuo (around 1680).
• Johann Sebastian Bach composed a prelude and fugue :
  • Prelude and Fugue in E-Flat Major, BWV 552 (published 1739)

See also[edit]

• Church of Saint Anne, Jerusalem
• Church of St. Ann (disambiguation)
• The Line of Saint Anne
• Portal, Catholic patron saint archive
• Statue of Saint Anne, Charles Bridge
• St Anne’s College, Oxford
• Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
• Feast of the Conception of the Virgin Mary

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Brief Franciscan Media article on «Sts. Joachim and Ann»
• «Saint Anne» at the Christian Iconography website
• «Here Followeth the Nativity of Our Blessed Lady» from the Caxton translation of the Golden Legend
• The Protevangelium of James
• The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew
• Reames, Sherry L. ed.,»Legends of St. Anne, Mother of the Virgin Mary: Introduction», Middle English Legends of Women Saints, Medieval Institute Publications, Kalamazoo, Michigan, 2003
• Welsh, Jennifer. The Cult of St. Anne in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Routledge, 2017.

День памяти Святой Анны у западных Христиан

Ежегодно 26 июля отмечается Праздник католической святой Анны (Feast of Saint Anne).

История праздника

День святой Анны отмечается дважды в году — 26 июля и 8 декабря. 8 декабря он отмечается из-за того, что данный день — день зачатия девы Марии. Согласно доктрине францисканцев, зачатие Девы Марии произошло в результате объятия и поцелуя у Золотых Ворот, и это чудо явилось первым актом Божественного Спасения.

Святая Анна скончалась в возрасте 79-ти лет, через два года после него, проведя их при храме рядом с дочерью. Память Успения праведной Анны 25 июля (7 августа).

Святая Анна

Святая Анна — в христианстве мать Богородицы, бабушка Иисуса Христа — Богопраматерь, жена святого Иоакима. Рождение её дочери стало чудом после долгих лет бездетного брака. К святой Анне обращаются как к защитнице беременных женщин. Именно к ней обращают свои молитвы с тем, чтобы роды были легкими, а ребенок родился здоровым. Святая Анна является так же покровительницей прачек и вышивальщиц. В православной и католической церквях причислена к лику святых.

Также существует культ Святой Анны. Об этому свидетельствуют фрагменты фресок VIII века в церкви Санта Мария Антиква в Риме.

Имя Анна (в переводе с иврита означает «благодать») является одним из наиболее популярных в Беларуси. Святая Анна является покровительницей матерей, беременных женщин, вдов, моряков, бедных, а также христианских школ.

Жизнь святой Анны

По старинной легенде св. Анна родилась в Иудее, дом ее семьи находился в Вифлееме. Ее родители Нафан и Мария были потомками королевского рода Давида. Они не имели материальных богатств, но зато были богаты добродетелями и добрыми делами. Анна получила от своих родителей хорошее воспитание, углубленное служением в Иерусалимском храме. За своего избранника Иоакима она вышла замуж в возрасте 24 лет. Иоаким также был из рода Давида. Воспитывался он в богатой и известной семье в Назарете. Иоаким и Анна считали свой брак священным союзом, в котором их соединил Бог. Анна была образцом и примером для подражания для всех замужних женщин. Несмотря на то, что они были счастливыми супругами, Бог испытывал их отсутствием детей. За двадцать лет совместной жизни они не стали родителями ни сыновей, ни дочерей. В еврейской культуре отсутствие детей считалось позором и наказанием от Бога. Однажды Анна пошла в сад оплакивать свою судьбу. Взглянув на небо и увидев гнездо воробьев на лавровом дереве, она обратилась с молитвой к Богу: «Господь Всемогущий, который дал потомство всем существам, диким и домашним животным, рептилиям, рыбам, птицам, и все они радуются своему потомству, почему Ты одну меня лишил дара Твоей милости? Ты знаешь, Господь, что еще до замужества я дала клятву, что, если Ты даруешь мне сына или дочь, я пожертвую их Тебе в Твоём святом храме». Именно тогда появился ангел, который объявил о скором появлении ребенка. Супруги были очень счастливы, услышав добрую весть. В возрасте 45 лет, 8 сентября, Анна родила девочку, которая согласно еврейской традиции на пятнадцатый день получила имя. Когда Мария подросла, Анна исполнила свой обет. Она отправилась с мужем Иоакимом и дочерью Марией в Иерусалим. Супруги привели свою дочь в храм для посвящения на служение Богу. Прислуживая в храме, Мария выросла в любви и благодати Божьей. Мария оставалась в храме до 12 лет и превосходила всех других девушек своим благочестием, знанием закона Божьего, смирением, целомудрием и всеми добродетелями. В 14 лет она вышла замуж за Иосифа. Согласно некоторым легендам, Иоаким умер вскоре после этого. Анна жила с Марией и Иосифом в Назарете и дожила до 80 лет. Когда приближался ее конец, Иисус, Мария и Иосиф постоянно находились рядом с ней. Когда наступил час смерти, она попрощалась со своими близкими, вверила Богу свою душу и уснула в Господе с благословением Иисуса и молитвами Марии и Иосифа. Ее тело было похоронено рядом со св. Иоакимом в Иосафатовой долине.

О св. Анне, матери Марии и бабушке Иисуса, мы не найдем никакой информации в книгах Священного Писания. Евангелия не упоминают о ней. С другой стороны, упоминания о ней есть в апокрифических писаниях времен раннего христианства. Апокрифы не относятся к каноническим книгам, но по своему содержанию, кроме легендарных и сказочных описаний, содержат правдивую информацию, переданную церковной традицией. Больше всего информации о св. Анне мы можем найти в Протоевангелии Иакова и Евангелии Псевдо-Матфея. Протоевангелие Иакова датируется вторым веком от рождения Христа. Раздел 4: «И вот ангел Господень встал и сказал: «Анна, Анна. Господь услышал твою молитву. Зачнешь и родишь, а потомство твое распространится по всей земле». Ответила Анна: «Богу живому, рожу я сына или дочь, отдам его в дар Богу моему, и ребенок этот будет служить ему до конца своих дней». Когда Иоахим находился в пустыне явился к нему Ангел Господень и сказал: «Иоахим, Иоахим, Господь услышал твою молитву. Уходи отсюда! Ибо твоя жена Анна зачала в своем чреве». И тотчас Иоахим покинул пустыню и позвал пастухов (…) И вот пришел Иоахим со своими стадами. И стояла Анна возле ворот. Увидев Иоакима входящего со своими стадами, она тотчас побежала и бросилась ему на шею, сказав: «Теперь я знаю, что Господь Бог очень благословил меня. Вот я вдова – и больше не вдова. Вот я бездетная – зачала в чреве». И отдохнул Иоаким первый день в доме своем». Раздел 7: «Проходили месяцы. Когда ребенку исполнилось два года, Иоаким сказал: «Приведем ее в храм Господа, чтобы выполнить обещание, которое мы дали, чтобы Всемогущий Бог не послал нам наказание, и наша жертва не была отвергнута». Анна ответила: «Давай подождем, пока ей не исполнится три года, чтобы она не искала отца и мать». Иоаким сказал: «Подождем». Наконец ребенку исполнилось три года, и Иоаким сказал: «Давайте позовем дочерей Израиля, которые не имеют греха, и пусть каждая из них возьмет лампу; и пусть лампы будут зажжены, чтобы она не повернула назад и ее сердце не оказалось в ловушке вдали от храма Господня». И делали они это, пока не пришли в храм Господа. И принял их священник и, поцеловав, благословил ее и сказал: «Бог возвысит твое имя среди всех народов и укажет с твоей помощью спасение сыновьям Израиля в последние дни».

Культ св. Анны развивался очень быстро вместе с культом Божьей Матери. Уже в IV-V вв. в Иерусалиме у купальни Вифезды была базилика, построенная в честь св. Иоакима и Анны. В 710 году мощи св. Анны были перевезены в Константинополь и помещены в базилику, построенную в ее честь императором Юстинианом примерно в 550 году. Оттуда во время крестовых походов мощи были перевезены во Францию, недалеко от Лиона. Самое старое изображение св. Анны датируется VIII в., оно находится в Риме, в костеле Санта-Мария-Антиква. К этому периоду также относится фреска с изображением св. Анны в Фарасе (Нубия).

Согласно литургического календаря праздник в честь Святого Иоакима и Святой Анны в Католическом Костеле отмечается 26 июля.

Источник: www.swanna.pl

Собор архангела Гавриила

Архангел Гавриил (буквально «Всевышний – сила моя»), в иудаизме Габриэль, в исламе Джабраил —  один из семи главных ангелов. Он несколько раз упомянут в Библии как небесный вестник, которого Бог посылает к людям, чтобы передать свою волю. Он несколько раз являлся пророку Даниилу и раскрывал ему тайны пришествия Мессии, гонений антихриста и конца мира (Дан. 8, 16, 9-21), а перед пришествием Сына Божия в мир явился в храме старцу Захарии и сообщил ему о чудесном зачатии Иоанна Предтечи.

Через шесть месяцев архангел Гавриил в Назарете принес Деве Марии весть, что она избрана стать Матерью Спасителя (Лк. 1), а потом открыл святому Иосифу Обручнику во сне, тайну воплощения Сына Божия, предупредил о замыслах Ирода и повелел бежать в Египет с Младенцем и Богородицей. Когда. По церковному преданию, это от него жены-мироносицы услышали радостную весть о Воскресении Христовом и именно он был послан возвестить Богоматери день ее Успения.

На иконах архангел Гавриил изображается иногда с райской ветвью или белой лилией в руке, которую по преданию он принес Деве Марии в день Благовещения, или со свечой и зеркалом из яшмы — символом того, что пути Божии до времени бывают не ясны, но постигаются изучением слова Божия и «послушанием голосу совести».

На Большом государственном гербе Российской империи он вместе с архангелом Михаилом держит главный щит с двуглавым орлом.

В византийской традиции существовал общий культ архангелов Гавриила и Михаила. Но с IX века помимо их совместного празднования в Константинополе стали отмечать Собор архангела Гавриила на следующий день после Благовещения (8 апреля по новому стилю), а впоследствии, с распространением Иерусалимского устава, было установлено еще одно празднование Собора архангела Гавриила – 26 июля (по новому стилю). Поводом к его установлению, вероятно, послужило освящение в ХVII веке в Константинополе храма во имя архангела Гавриила.

В исламе архангел Гавриил (Джабраил) считается ангелом-покровителем пророка Мухаммеда. По преданию, именно он передал пророку Коран и он же унес его на небо.

День святой Анны

Еврейское имя Анна (Хана) означает «благодать, милость». Святая Анна – по евангельскому повествованию, мать Девы Марии, жена святого Иоакима, родившая дочь чудесным образом после долгих лет бездетного брака.

О ее жизни рассказывают несколько апокрифов. Согласно им, она была дочерью вифлеемского священника Матфана. С IV века до наших дней в Иерусалиме показывают место, где был дом Иоакима и Анны — на этом месте стоит храм, построенный крестоносцами.

По преданию, выйдя замуж за Иоакима и долгое время не имея детей, она с мужем  отдавала две трети своих доходов в Иерусалимский Храм и бедным. В том, что они до глубокой старости не могли родить детей, Анна считала главной виновницей себя.

Однажды, когда она в очередной раз горячо молилась о даровании младенца и пообещала принести его в дар Богу, ангел спустился к ней с небес и возвестил, что вскоре у нее родится дочь по имени Мария и через нее «благословятся все племена земли». С той же вестью явился ангел и Иоакиму.

До трех лет супруги воспитывали дочь сами, а потом отдали ее в Храм, где Марии предстояло воспитывалась до совершеннолетия. Через вскоре после этого скончался Иоаким, а через два года и Анна.

Праведных Иоакима и Анну почитают и в Восточной и в Западной церкви. Уже в IV-V веках в Иерусали¬ме существовал посвященный им маленький храм, а около 550 года император Юстиниан воздвиг в Константинополе базилику во имя святой Анны. На Западе первые храм и монастырь святой Анны появились в 701 году во Флориаке под Руаном во Франции. Ее имя носят 5 женских монашеских орденов. В древней католической литургике (XIV-XVI вв.) святой Анне посвящалось целых 118 гимнов и 36 секвенций.

Церковное празднование в честь святых Иоакима и Анны в Византии ввел в 710 году император Юстиниан II. На Западе оно появилось позже — примерно в Х веке. Папа Урбан VI в булле Splendor æternæ gloriæ от 21 июня 1378 года разрешил справлять этот праздник в Англии. Юлий II в 1522 году распространил его на всю церковь и назначил его на 20 марта. Однако Павел V в 1568 году отменил этот праздник, ссылаясь на то, что о родителях Богородицы ничего не сообщается в книгах Священного Писа¬ния.

Но победило всецерковное убеждение, что раз эти родители существовали, им подобает особая честь. Поэтому Григорий XIII в 1584 восстановил восстановил праздник и назначил для него день 26 июля.